2018 | 2018 | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topic | (I)CHEP2018 | LHCC / ELBA | LS2 Cham Prod | muRWELL Test Beam | Slice Test | MPGD 2017 | ST Cham Prod | FTM Test Beam | CMS Test Beam | Simulation |
Type | CMS Prod / R&D | CMS Prod | CMS Prod | R&D | CMS Comm | R&D | CMS Prod | R&D | CMS Test | CMS Sim |
DPS Created | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
WGM Attached | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
RC Presented | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
GMM Presented | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Status of Work | ||||||||||
Plots on Twiki | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CMS DOC DB | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Example of the QC3 test output: Typical pressure vs time curve obtained during the GE1/1 quality control. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Run Coordination (RC) | Hit rate as a function of the instantaneous luminosity of chamber 28 layer 2 The rate is calculated for each η partition. The data point were also corrected for the effective readout area based on the number of active channels and the condition of the readout electronics. The data points for the partition are fit with a linear function. The y-intercept is not fixed to the 0 point to estimate the intrinsic noise. |
![]() |
Run Coordination (RC) | Hit rate as a function of the distance from the beam pipe of chamber 28 layer 2 Environmental background hit rate of GE 1/1 slice test chamber 28 layer 2 as a function of the distance from the beam pipe to the center of η partitions. The value of the data points are obtained from the linear fits to hit rate versus instantaneous luminosity of 1.5 × 10^(34) cm^(2) s^(-1). The error bars are also obtained from uncertainties in the linear fit. The curve is an exponential function. |
Figure | Approved by |
Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC3 (Gas Leak) test is performed on eight GE1/1 production chambers which are assembled at Panjab University, India. The chambers cannot sustain over-pressure higher than 40-50 hPa. All chambers, except our first production chamber, were tested with an initial over-pressure of 25 hPa, and its internal pressure is monitored for 1 hour. The internal gas pressure is parametrized by P(t) = P0 exp(-t/\tau), where P0 is the initial Internal over-pressure. The QC3 acceptance limit is τ ≥ 3.04 hour, corresponding to a maximum acceptable gas leak rate of about 7 hPa/hr. All chambers are passed at QC3 as the pressure reduction is less than 7 hPa. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC4 (High Voltage) test is performed on eight GE1/1 production chambers which are assembled at Panjab University, India. The I-V curve must be a linear and reciprocal its slope gives the total expected resistance. All chambers are passed at QC4 as the deviation in the resistance ( ∆R/R) between expected and measured is ≤ 2% as listed in Table 1. Some data points of 8 chambers are overlapped, as the I-V relation of each chamber is similar to each other. Contact: cms-dpg-onveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC4 (High Voltage) test is performed on eight GE1/1 production chambers which are assembled at Panjab University, India. All chambers are passed at QC4 as Intrinsic Noise Rate is ≤ 100 Hz as listed in Table 1. Contact: cms-dpg-onveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Table 1: Results from QC4 HV test showing measured value of resistance (R multimeter) by multimeter, resistance (R IV) by IV curve, and the maximum intrinsic noise rate(at value of current ∼ 999 μA) for all the detectors assembled at Panjab University. The values of resistance are measured within accuracy of less than 1%. Contact: cms-dpg-onveners-gem@cern.ch |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020 and INSTR20: Current plot of 7 HV electrodes of chamber GE11-35 Current observed in the 7 HV electrodes of chamber GE11-35 installed in P5. Data are retrieved from the CMS database. Time is in UTC format (UTC = CET – 1). |
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020 and INSTR20: Current plot of 7 HV electrodes of chamber GE11-35 Voltage difference observed on the 7 HV electrodes of chamber GE11-35 installed in P5. Data are retrieved from the CMS database. Time is in UTC format (UTC = CET – 1). |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020: S-curve GE11-X-S-BARI-0018 taken during QC7 The s-curve plot is one of the most representative outputs of the QC7 test. It is obtained fixing the thresholds for each of the VFATs and scanning the response of the 128 channels while increasing the amount of charge pulsed by means of an internal test pulses generator. The x axis represents the VFAT channel number, the y axis the value of the pulsed charge in fC and the color-scale is the number of signals over threshold. It reveals any broken, dead, or disconnected channels that might be present since the production, giving at the same time an insight on the correctness of the frontend parameters applied. The noise level of the VFATs in the QC7 working conditions can be extracted from the width of the curve and the mean represents the per-channel threshold. This particular scurves, reveals good response of each of the 3072 channels of the chamber – this chamber has indeed been approved by QC7. |
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020: S-bit threshold scan GE11-X-S-BARI-0018 taken during QC7 The s-bit threshold scan plot is another representative outputs of the QC7 test. It is obtained scanning the thresholds for each of the VFATs and recording the number of trigger signals given by the OR of all the 128 channels. The value of the VFAT register controlling the threshold is represented in the x axis, while the corresponding noise rate is in the y axis. It reveals any broken trigger line in the VFATs or the GEB (GEM Electronics Board) that might be present since the production, giving at the same time the noise rate for any given threshold value. The noise level accepted per VFAT determines then the value of the threshold to be set. This particular sbitThreshold, reveals good response of each of the trigger lines – this chamber has indeed been approved by QC7. |
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020: S-curve GE11-X-S-BARI-0014 taken during QC8 without trimming These s-curve plots show the response of the 3072 channels present in the GEM chamber and was taken during the configuration prior to the cosmic runs in the QC8 stand. The x axis represents the VFAT channel number, the y axis the value of the pulsed charge in fC and the color-scale is the number of signals over threshold. The absence of trimming applied shows is evident from the non uniform distribution of the response of the single channels in the VFATs. |
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020: S-curve GE11-X-S-BARI-0014 taken during QC8 applying trimming These s-curve plots show the response of the 3072 channels present in the GEM chamber and was taken during the configuration prior to the cosmic runs in the QC8 stand. The x axis represents the VFAT channel number, the y axis the value of the pulsed charge in fC and the color-scale is the number of signals over threshold. The presence of trimming applied shows is evident from the more uniform distribution of the response of the single channels in the VFATs. Applying the trimming, helps in reducing the threshold by around 30%. |
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020: Efficiency vs gain curves for 5 Super Chambers tested in QC8 and installed in the negative endcap This plot represents the efficiency curve obtained from the HV scan (gain scan) in QC8. The results have been obtained with THR corresponding to 100 Hz of noise allowed per VFAT and no trimming of the channels. The results depend on the intrinsic distribution of the gain over the area of the chambers and the thresholds applied to the different VFATs. |
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020: ENC distributions for GE11-X-L-GHENT-0027 - Comparison between QC7 and CMS This plot represents the distribution of the Equivalent Noise Charge in fC units, extracted from the width of the scurves taken during the QC7 test and the commissioning of the chambers in CMS. This particular case refer to the noise level of all the 3072 of the chamber GE11-X-L-GHENT-0027. |
![]() |
LHCCposterSession2020: ENC distributions per VFAT for GE11-X-L-GHENT-0027 - Comparison between QC7 and CMS This plot represents the distribution of the Equivalent Noise Charge in fC units, extracted from the width of the scurves taken during the QC7 test and the commissioning of the chambers in CMS. This particular case refer to the noise level of all the 3072 of the chamber GE11-X-L-GHENT-0027 grouped into 24 VFATs partitions. The plot is presented per VFAT in candle style plot. |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
Not for a conference: GE1/1-X-S-BARI-0001 (GE1/1-SCS-0003 - Layer 1). Efficiency per VFAT partition (1D plot) obtained from cosmic run in the QC8 cosmic stand in these conditions: Gas mixture: Ar/CO_2 (70/30%) Avg. Effective Gain = 1.8E4 Columns are of the same type of chambers (in this case -> Short) Track-based analysis (full muon track reconstruction) |
![]() |
Not for a conference: GE1/1-X-S-BARI-0001 (GE1/1-SCS-0003 - Layer 1). Efficiency per VFAT partition (2D plot) obtained from cosmic run in the QC8 cosmic stand in these conditions: Gas mixture: Ar/CO_2 (70/30%) Avg. Effective Gain = 1.8E4 Columns are of the same type of chambers (in this case -> Short) Track-based analysis (full muon track reconstruction) |
![]() |
Not for a conference: GE1/1-X-L-CERN-0035 (GE1/1-SCL-0009 - Layer 1). Efficiency per VFAT partition (1D plot) obtained from cosmic run in the QC8 cosmic stand in these conditions: Gas mixture: Ar/CO_2 (70/30%) Avg. Effective Gain = 1.5E4 Columns are of the same type of chambers (in this case -> Long). Track-based analysis (full muon track reconstruction) |
![]() |
Not for a conference: GE1/1-X-L-CERN-0035 (GE1/1-SCL-0009 - Layer 1). Efficiency per VFAT partition (2D plot) obtained from cosmic run in the QC8 cosmic stand in these conditions: Gas mixture: Ar/CO_2 (70/30%) Avg. Effective Gain = 1.5E4 Columns are of the same type of chambers (in this case -> Long). Track-based analysis (full muon track reconstruction) |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
IPRD2019: GE1/1-X-S-INDIA-0006 (GE1/1-SCS-0015 - Layer 1) Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) per VFAT of chamber GE1/1-X-S-INDIA-0006, which has been installed in P5 in July. Candle plot representing the ENC derived from scurves (sigma of the fit of the scurves) taken in QC7, QC8 and P5. The boxes represent the 50% of the channels and the bars 100% of them. Detectors in P5 powered with flying systems, but all services were plugged. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: GE1/1-X-S-INDIA-0006 (GE1/1-SCS-0015 - Layer 1) Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) of chamber GE1/1-X-S-INDIA-0006, which has been installed in P5 in July. Distribution of the ENC derived from scurves (sigma of the fit of the scurves) taken in QC7, QC8 and P5. All the 3072 channels of the chambers are contributing to the distributions. Detectors in P5 powered with flying systems, but all services were plugged. |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
IPRD2019: Distribution of the sigma (ENC) for the SCurves of GE2/1 M1, M2, M3 and M4 modules as fitted from per-channel response. The detector is fully assembled in the supporting frame, but has neither cooling plate nor chimney installed. Lines represent the fitted values and bands represent fit uncertainties. Most of the channels (excluding defective hot channels) shows noise level below 0.6fC for each VFAT3 chip on each GE2/1 module |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Box plot of the sigma (ENC) for the SCurves of the GE2/1-M4 detector. 50% of the channels are within the colored box. 99.3% of the channels are within the lines. Outliers are represented by crosses. The mean is represented by the circle in the colored box. The median is represented by the line in the colored box. Noise is close to uniform and does not depend on the VFAT chip position. |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
IPRD2019: Result of the GIF++ Triple-GEM aging test showing the normalized and corrected anode current as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70/30) at an initial gas gain of 2x10^4 equipped with CERN GEM-foils based on single-mask photolithography technique developed by CERN PCB Workshop; The chamber accumulated a total charge of 218mC/cm2 after 28 months of continuous irradiation, which represents 10 years of GE1/1 operation at the HL-LHC with a safety factor 36, ten years of GE2/1 operation with a safety factor 72, and 77% of the total ME0 operation. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Result of the GIF++ Triple-GEM aging test showing the normalized and corrected anode current as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-KOREA-0001 chamber operating in At/CO2 (70/30) at an initial gas gain of 2x10^4 equipped with Korean GEM-foils based on double-mask photolithography technique developed by MECARO company; The chamber accumulated a total charge of 82 mC/cm2 after 20 months of continuous irradiation, which represents 10 years of GE1/1 operation at the HL-LHC with a safety factor 14, ten years of GE2/1 operation with a safety factor 27, and 29% of the total ME0 operation |
![]() |
IPRD2019: The plot shows the Normalized and Corrected (from the Pressure and Temperature fluctuations) values of the Effective Gas Gain as function of the charge collected on the anodic plane. No loss of performance is detected. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the corrected effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70/30) at an initial gas gain of 2x10^4 equipped with CERN GEM-foils based on single-mask photolithography technique developed by CERN PCB Workshop; The chamber accumulated a total charge of 1.56 C/cm2 after 18 months of continuous irradiation, i.e. 10 years of real operation in ME0 region with a safety factor 5.5. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: The plot shows the Normalized and Corrected (from the Pressure and Temperature fluctuations) values of the Energy Resolution (at 5.9 keV) as function of the charge collected on the anodic plane. No loss of performance is detected. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the corrected energy resolution as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70/30) at an initial gas gain of 2x10^4 equipped with CERN GEM-foils based on single-mask photolithography technique developed by CERN PCB Workshop; The energy spectrum of the ^109Cd source was measured every weeks and the corresponding energy resolution stays stable during the entire test. |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
IPRD2019: GE2/1-I-M7-CERN-0001 is the first GE2/1 module which was assembled at CERN using Korean GEM-foils manufactured by MACARO company. Korean GEM-foils based on double-mask photolithography technique. Ordinary QC5 using X-ray generator was performed. Results show that the effective gas gain for this module (with Korean GEM-foils) is systematic lower compared to measured one in the other GE2/1 modules (with CERN GEM-foils). Optical inspection performed on several portions of the Korean GEM-foils shows a larger copper rings and the smaller polyimide rings which is definitively the reason of the lower gain: the resulting electrical field is definitively distorted and lowered. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Effective gas gain curves as a function of divider current of the eight GE2/1 pre-production module (standard GEM-foils)and the GE2/1 module assembled with double segmented GEM-foils. To measure gain curves, the standard QC5 methodology established for GE1/1 production has been adopted. The results for the GE2/1 module assembled with double segmented GEM-foils are fully consistent with the gains of the eight GE2/1 pre-production module with standard GEM-foils. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of double segmented GEM-foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GE2/1 chambers. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: At fixed WP for a gas gain of 10^4, the M7 module (with Korean GEM-foils) shows a gas gain of a factor 3.9 lower than the other modules (with CERN GEM-foils) Optical inspection Results: 1)Optical inspection by backlight: good 2)Holes Uniformity: good 3)Holes diameter → out of specs ! Copper rings diameter: diam(CU)= 80 um Required specs: 70 +/- 5 um Polyimide rings diameter: diam(PI)= 30/40 um Required specs: 50+/- 5 um The larger copper rings and the smaller polyimide rings is definitively the reason of the lower gain: the resulting electrical field is definitively distorted and lowered. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Typical Energy Spectrum of the ^109Cd source. The detector under test is a GE2/1 module assembled with double segmented GEM-foils, operating in Ar/CO2(70/30) at an initial gas gain of 2x10^4. A clear separation of the main photopeak and the Ar escape peak is achieved Energy resolution: FWHM/u = 21% The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of double segmented GEM-foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GE2/1 chambers. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Comparison of the effective gas gains of the GE1/1 detector equipped with the Korean GE1/1 GEM foils and M7 module with Korean GE2/1 GEM-foils. The effective gas gain of Korean GE2/1 GEM-foils is systematic lower compared to the gas gain of Korean GE1/1 GEM-foils. Gas gain of a factor 3 lower. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Summary of QC3 - gas leak tests performed on the GE2/1 pre-production module assembled at the CERN production and quality control site. The goal of the QC3 test is to spot possible gas leaks in a GE2/1 module. The chamber is filled with CO_2 until an over-pressure P0=25 mbar is reached. The test consists in the monitoring of the detector over-pressure in 1 hour. The pressure drop is modeled by the function P(t)=P0xexp(-t/tau). The parameter tau qualifies how fast the overpressure inside the detector decreases as a function of the time. The horizontal dashed line shows the QC3 acceptance limit in terms of the gas leak time constant tau=3.04 hr, which corresponds to a maximum acceptable gas leak rate of about 7 mbar/hr. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Summary of QC4 - HV tests performed on the GE2/1 pre-production module detectors assembled at the CERN production and quality control site. The QC4 - HV Test aims to determine the Current-Voltage curve of a GE1/1 detector, in order to identify possible malfunctions, defects in the HV circuit and intrinsic noise rate (i.e. pulses not produced by ionizing particle). The detector is ramped up to 3 kV in step of 200 V and up to 4.9 kV in step of 100V in pure CO_2. For each step, the current through the HV circuit and the intrinsic noise rate of the detector are recorded. Percentage variation of resistance DR/Rx100% at applied voltage of 4.9 kV is shown as a function of the detectors serial number. The horizontal dashed lines shows the QC4 acceptance limits. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Summary of QC4 - HV tests performed on the GE2/1 pre-production module detectors assembled at the CERN production and quality control site. The QC4 - HV Test aims to determine the Current-Voltage curve of a GE1/1 detector, in order to identify possible malfunctions, defects in the HV circuit and intrinsic noise rate (i.e. pulses not produced by ionizing particle). The detector is ramped up to 3 kV in step of 200 V and up to 4.9 kV in step of 100V in pure CO_2. For each step, the current through the HV circuit and the intrinsic noise rate of the detector are recorded. The intrinsic noise rate R_noise at applied voltage of 4.9 kV is shown as a function of the detectors serial number. The horizontal dashed lines shows the QC4 acceptance limits. |
![]() |
IPRD2019: Detectors fully irradiated with X-ray generator to reproduce the charge released by MIP in GE2/1 and GE1/1 environment. Three different detectors have been studied: Standard GEM-foils -> NO protective resistor on the bottom. Standard GEM-foils -> 200 kOhm protective resistor on the bottom. Double Segmented GEM-foils ->100 kOhm protective resistor on the bottom. NO drop observed in relative gas gain for any detector tested in GE2/1 and GE1/1 environment. |
Figure | Approved by |
Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | TWEPP2019: Efficiency of GE1/1-X-S-PAK-0001, one of the detectors that has already been installed in CMS as part of GE1/1, as obtained from QC8 measurements. VFAT 16 shows an efficiency < 97%. However, this is expected, as it is at the edge of acceptance. We have 8 eta partitions, and when we reconstruct the hits, we reconstruct them so that they are in the center of the eta partition. So if a track is slightly angled, it gets reconstructed so that the track is straight. However, the superchambers can be slightly off in y from each other, which lowers the efficiency. However, the error bars show that we are still within the realm of acceptability. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | TWEPP2019: Plot of digis / single hits per strip for GE1/1-X-S-PAK-0001, run 206 of QC8. Showing, with the highest granularity – the firing of the strips. There are several instances (in yellow/orange) which are confirmed as noise by looking at the associated SCurves. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | TWEPP2019: Associated RecHits for the top detectors of Row 1. This plot shows only GE1/1-X-S-PAK-001, in column 1. For a given test chamber (in this case, GE1/1-X-S-PAK-0001), the other chambers in the stand are taken as reference. For a given event, the muon track is reconstructed using the reference chambers, and then extrapolated to the test chamber. The associated RecHit is a verified hit in the test chamber that matches the extrapolation. This allows us to measure the efficiency of the chamber. Each bin is 1mm wide. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | TWEPP2019:
SCurve of GE1/1-X-S-PAK-0001, QC8 run 206 |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | TWEPP2019: Box plots of the mean (threshold) for the SCurves of GE1/1-X-S-PAK-0001 QC8 Run 206. 50% of the channels are within the colored box 100% of the channels are within the dashed lines The mean is represented by the circle in the colored box The median is represented by the line in the colored box |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | TWEPP2019: Box plot of the sigma (ENC) for the SCurves of GE1/1-X-S-PAK-0001 QC8 Run 206 50% of the channels are within the colored box 100% of the channels are within the dashed lines The mean is represented by the circle in the colored box The median is represented by the line in the colored box Noise increases from narrowest eta sector to widest eta sector, with additional noise for the VFATs closest to the optohybrid |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The hits associated with a reconstructed cosmic muon track for each of the 8 η partitions of GE1/1-X-S-PAK-0001, by cluster size, for QC8 run 206. |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The plots show a discharge induced on a 10x10 cm2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector during the tests performed in laboratory before the CHARM irradiation. The sources used to induce the discharge were: 1 𝑀𝐵𝑞 109Cd +1 𝑀𝐵𝑞 55Fe + 25 𝑀𝐵𝑞 109Cd. The gain of the Triple-GEM detector was 3x10^5. The plots show the current of each channel of the A1515TG multichannel board, in uA, as a function of the time, in h:min:sec, in particular the top plot includes: drift, G1Top, G2Top and G3Top, while the bottom plot includes: G1Bot, G2Bot and G3Bot. This nomenclature is widely used to indicate the different layers of Triple-GEM detectors: GXTop indicates the top electrode of the foil X, while GXBot indicates the bottom electrode of the foil X. The baseline current of each channel has an offset of few uA because the zero check and zero correction were not performed on this board. The event presents a first small spike, around 18:17:30, positive on the top channels and negative on the bottom channels. The biggest spike at around 18:18:30 triggered the channels trip. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The plot shows the maximum readout current within a spill for the 10x10 cm^2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector irradiated at CHARM. The maximum current of each spill is calculated as i_MAX=max(I_j), where i_j are the 50 current measurements performed by the picoammeter in the single spill. The results, based on 23048 PS spills, show an average value of 21,5±5,2 uA. The Triple-GEM detector was operated at CHARM in Ar/C02 70/30 gas mixture, with a gas flow of 10 l/h and a gain of 4x10^4. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The plot shows the average readout current within a spill for the 10x10 cm^2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector irradiated at CHARM. The average current of each spill is calculated as 𝑖_𝐴𝑉=(sum(i_j))/50 where i_j are the 50 current measurements performed by the picoammeter in the single spill. The results, based on 23048 PS spills, show an average value of 0,35±0,02 uA. The Triple-GEM detector was operated at CHARM in Ar/C02 70/30 gas mixture, with a gas flow of 10 l/h and a gain of 4x10^4. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The plot shows the total charge per spill for the 10x10 cm2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector irradiated at CHARM. The total charge per spill is calculated as 𝑞_𝑇𝑂𝑇=sum(i_j × 10 𝑚𝑠) where i_j are the 50 current measurements performed by the picoammeter in the single spill and 10 ms is the average time used by the picoammeter for each single measurement. The results, based on 23048 PS spills, show an average value of 1,77±0,11 uA/spill. The Triple-GEM detector was operated at CHARM in Ar/C02 70/30 gas mixture, with a gas flow of 10 l/h and a gain of 4x10^4. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The plot shows the measured number of events within a spill for the 10x10 cm^2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector irradiated at CHARM. The results, based on 23048 PS spills, show an average value of (2,47±0,06)×10^5 events per spill. The Triple-GEM detector was operated at CHARM in Ar/C02 70/30 gas mixture, with a gas flow of 10 l/h and a gain of 4x10^4. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The plot shows the estimated number of events within a spill for the 10x10 cm2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector irradiated at CHARM. The estimation is obtained using the average current in the spill, with the formula 𝑁_𝐴𝑉𝐸^𝐸𝑆𝑇=𝑖_𝐴𝑉𝐸/(𝑛0 𝑞0 𝐺) 𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿 where 𝑖_𝐴𝑉𝐸 is calculated as in slide 5, 𝑛0=100, from Geant4 simulations, 𝑞0=1,6×10^(−19) 𝐶, 𝐺=4×10^4, 𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿=325𝑚𝑠 is the length of the spill. The results, based on 23048 PS spills, show an average value of (1,79±0,11)×10^6 events per spill, almost one order of magnitude higher than the measured one. An estimation of the dead time can be obtained from these results as: 𝑁^𝐸𝑆𝑇=𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴/(1−(𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴 𝜏)/𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿 )→𝜏=𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿/𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴 (1−𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴/𝑁^𝐸𝑆𝑇 )=1,13 𝜇𝑠 The Triple-GEM detector was operated at CHARM in Ar/C02 70/30 gas mixture, with a gas flow of 10 l/h and a gain of 4x10^4. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The plot shows the estimated number of events within a spill for the 10x10 cm2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector irradiated at CHARM. The estimation is obtained using the maximum current in the spill, with the formula 𝑁_𝑀𝐴𝑋^𝐸𝑆𝑇=𝑖_𝑀𝐴𝑋/(𝑛0 𝑞0 𝐺) 𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿 where 𝑖_𝑀𝐴𝑋 is calculated as in slide 4, 𝑛0=100, from Geant4 simulations, 𝑞0=1,6×10^(−19) 𝐶, 𝐺=4×10^4, 𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿=325𝑚𝑠 is the length of the spill. The results, based on 23048 PS spills, show an average value of (1,09±0,26)×10^7 events per spill, almost two orders of magnitude higher than the measured one. An estimation of the dead time can be obtained from these results as: 𝑁^𝐸𝑆𝑇=𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴/(1−(𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴 𝜏)/𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿 )→𝜏=𝑡_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿/𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴 (1−𝑁^𝑀𝐸𝐴/𝑁^𝐸𝑆𝑇 )=1,29 𝜇𝑠 The estimation of the dead time is compatible with the one performed on the average current measured in the spill, which means that the dead time was constant over the whole acquisition period. The Triple-GEM detector was operated at CHARM in Ar/C02 70/30 gas mixture, with a gas flow of 10 l/h and a gain of 4x10^4. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The box plot represents the estimation of the discharge probability per hit measured at CHARM with a 10x10 cm^2 3:1:2:1 Triple-GEM detector. The black line shows the median of the distribution, the circle is the mean, the box the first and third quartile, while the error bars show the maximum and the minimum. The values of discharge probability/hit used in this plot are obtained with the formula:𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦/ℎ𝑖𝑡=𝑁_𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒/(𝑁_𝐶𝑂𝑈𝑁𝑇𝑆×𝑁_𝑆𝑃𝐼𝐿𝐿 ) where, NCOUNTS is the average number of counts, NSPILL is the number is the number of spills and Ndischarge is the number of discharge detected in the test. As this number was 0 at CHARM, we are using 3 as upper limit and, as a consequence, the discharge probability/hit value is an upper limit as well. Four values have been calculated, corresponding to NCOUNTS=𝑁_𝑀𝐴𝑋^𝐸𝑆𝑇, NCOUNTS=𝑁_𝐴𝑉𝐸^𝐸𝑆𝑇, NCOUNTS=𝑁_^𝑀𝐸𝐴 and corrected for the dead time and NCOUNTS simulated. The Triple-GEM detector was operated at CHARM in Ar/C02 70/30 gas mixture, with a gas flow of 10 l/h and a gain of 4x10^4. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
|
Muon Community (GMM) | *The visualized output from the initial set off bending data, collected with the laser equipped bending stand and associated gain variations for GE1/1-X-S-INDIA-0007 chamber. The left figure represents bending distributions measured on the readout board, while right shows average effective gain at given sector |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | MPGD2019: Distribution of parameter that quantifies the gas tightness of a GE1/1 detector. This parameter is the output of the gas leak test. The goal of the gas leak test is to spot possible gas leaks in a GE1/1 detector. The chamber is filled with CO_2 until an over-pressure P_0 = 25 mbar is reached. The test consists in the monitoring of the detector over-pressure in 1 hour. The pressure drop is modeled by the function P(t) = P_0 exp(-t/\tau). The parameter \tau qualifies how fast the overpressure inside the detector decreases as a function of the time. Values of \tau greater than 3 hours guarantee a maximum leak in the gas flow rate around 0.02 l/h. The plot reports the time constant for the 151 GE1/1 detectors tested so far. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Distribution of the output of the HV and linearity test performed on GE1/1 detectors. This test is performed by measuring the the current across the GE1/1 detector while ramping up the HV up to 4.9 kV in pure CO_{2}. The plot shows the deviation between the measured resistance and the resistance extracted from the voltage vs current curve, using the Ohm’s law. At each HV value applied, we compute the resistance using the Ohm’s law. The mean across all the measurements is compared with the measured value. Deviation greater than 3% indicates a loss of linearity and the detector undergoes further investigations. The plot reports the values of the resistance deviation for the 143 GE1/1 detectors tested so far. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Distribution of the intrinsic noise of a GE1/1 detector. The intrinsic noise is measured the rate of the signals induced on the bottom of the third GEM foil while flushing in pure CO2. It is measured as a function of the current drawn through the resistive divider of the high voltage distribution circuit that powers the detector. The effective resistance of the high voltage distribution circuit is 5.0 MOhm in the presence of one external low-pass filter. The resistive divider has a resistance of 4.7 MOhm. The observed signals are termed spurious since they cannot originate from ionizing particles. The maximum intrinsic noise of the GE1/1 chambers is below tents of mHz/cm^2, well below the expected background at the GE1/1 station position in CMS (4.5 kHz/cm^2). The plot reports the values of the spurious signal rate for the 143 GE1/1 detectors tested so far. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The average effective gas gain distribution is shown for 56 short GE1/1 detectors, flushed with Ar/CO2 (70/30) gas mixture and powered with a nominal fixed drift voltage (3.1 kV). The gain is normalized to the pressure and temperature expected in P5. The 50% contours represent the gain fluctuations above which the detector time resolution is degraded. The plot shows that further optimization of the HV working point is needed in order to allow all the detectors to reach a gain that is closer to the operational value in CMS (10^{4}), that guarantees optimal performance in terms of time resolution and efficiency. –The average effective gas gain of a GE1/1 detector is measured by combining the effective gain measured in one reference sector (sector eta=4, phi=2) as a function of the applied HV and the output of the response uniformity test. –The latter allows to assess the gain of the detector with finer granularity (i.e. every 4 strips, called slice in the following) in one single measurement, by illuminating the whole detector surface with a x-ray beam and recording the charge collected by each slice with analog readout (APV25). This test is performed at fixed applied voltage, well below the expected operating point in CMS in order to avoid the saturation of the electronics.
Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The average effective gas gain distribution is shown for 76 long GE1/1 detectors, flushed with Ar/CO2 (70/30) gas mixture and powered with a nominal fixed drift voltage (3.1 kV). The gain is normalized to the pressure and temperature expected in P5. The 50% contours represent the gain fluctuations above which the detector time resolution is degraded. The plot shows that further optimization of the HV working point is needed in order to allow all the detectors to reach a gain that is closer to the operational value in CMS (10^{4}), that guarantees optimal performance in terms of time resolution and efficiency. –The average effective gas gain of a GE1/1 detector is measured by combining the effective gain measured in one reference sector (sector eta=4, phi=2) as a function of the applied HV and the output of the response uniformity test. –The latter allows to assess the gain of the detector with finer granularity (i.e. every 4 strips, called slice in the following) in one single measurement, by illuminating the whole detector surface with a x-ray beam and recording the charge collected by each slice with analog readout (APV25). This test is performed at fixed applied voltage, well below the expected operating point in CMS in order to avoid the saturation of the electronics. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The average effective gas gain distribution is shown for 56 short GE1/1 detectors, flushed with Ar/CO_{2} (70/30) gas mixture after the procedure of detector pairing that allows to build a super-chamber (SC) and HV point optimization. The detectors in a SC are powered with a single power supply, so it is important to pair detectors with closer gain at fixed HV and to set the optimal HV point that guarantees a uniform behavior of the SC together with the optimal performance of both the detectors in terms of efficiency and time resolution. The reference gain is 10^{4} , a value that corresponds to the nominal operation value in CMS while keeping stable detector performance. The HV point is chosen by sorting the detectors by increasing gain then choosing iteratively the pair of detectors with similar gain and finally calculating the intermediated HV point to set the super-chamber gain to 10^{4}. The gain is normalized to the pressure and temperature expected in P5. The 50% contours represent the gain fluctuations above which the detector time resolution is degraded.
Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The average effective gas gain distribution is shown for 76 long GE1/1 detectors, flushed with Ar/CO_{2} (70/30) gas mixture after the procedure of detector pairing that allows to build a super-chamber (SC) and HV point optimization. The detectors in a SC are powered with a single power supply, so it is important to pair detectors with closer gain at fixed HV and to set the optimal HV point that guarantees a uniform behavior of the SC together with the optimal performance of both the detectors in terms of efficiency and time resolution. The reference gain is 10^{4}, a value that corresponds to the nominal operation value in CMS while keeping stable detector performance. The HV point is chosen by sorting the detectors by increasing gain then choosing iteratively the pair of detectors with similar gain and finally calculating the intermediated HV point to set the super-chamber gain to 10^{4}. The gain is normalized to the pressure and temperature expected in P5. The 50% contours represent the gain fluctuations above which the detector time resolution is degraded.
Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The average effective gas gain distribution is shown for short GE1/1 detectors, flushed with Ar/CO2 (70/30) gas mixture, before (yellow) and after (blue) the procedure of detector pairing that allows to build a super-chamber (SC). The detectors in the SC are powered with the same HV, so it is crucial to set the optimal HV point that guarantees a uniform behavior of the SC. The HV point is chosen by sorting the detectors by increasing value of the gain, then choosing the couple of detectors with similar gain. Finally the intermediated HV point that ensures a super-chamber gain of 10^4 is computed. The gain is normalized to the pressure and temperature expected in P5. The 50% contours represent the fluctuations of the gain before (orange) and after (azure) the pairing procedure. Above this limit, the the detector time resolution starts to be degraded.
Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | The average effective gas gain distribution is shown for long GE1/1 detectors, flushed with Ar/CO2 (70/30) gas mixture, before (yellow) and after (blue) the procedure of detector pairing that allows to build a super-chamber (SC). The detectors in the SC are powered with the same HV, so it is crucial to set the optimal HV point that guarantees a uniform behavior of the SC. The HV point is chosen by sorting the detectors by increasing value of the gain, then choosing the couple of detectors with similar gain. Finally the intermediated HV point that ensures a super-chamber gain of 10^4 is computed. The gain is normalized to the pressure and temperature expected in P5. The 50% contours represent the fluctuations of the gain before (orange) and after (azure) the pairing procedure. Above this limit, the the detector time resolution starts to be degraded.
Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Distribution of the HV applied to the GE1/1 super-chambers in order to obtain a fixed gain close to the operating condition in CMS (i.e. gain ~ 10^4). The HV point for each GE1/1 detector is computed by sorting the detectors by increasing gain (the gain being measured at fixed HV point) then iteratively choosing the pair with nearby gain values. Finally the intermediated HV that ensures a gain around 10^4 is computed.
Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Distribution of the response uniformity of the GE1/1 detectors (short and long), taken at fixed applied HV and normalized to the pressure and temperature expected in P5. The response uniformity is proportional to the gain variation across the whole detector area, so it is taken as a measurement of the gain fluctuation in a GE1/1 detector. The 50% contours represent the gain fluctuations above which the the detector time resolution starts to be degraded. The measurement is performed by uniformly illuminating the detector with a x-ray beam of known energy and ideally dividing the detector in groups of 4 strips (slice). For each slice, the ADC spectrum is recorded with analog electronics. The spectrum is a convolution of the copper fluorescence photo-peak and electron bremsstrahlung background. By extracting the copper photo-peak position from each slices and assigning it to the slice coordinates, one can extract the variation of the response across the whole detector surface. The distribution of the copper photo-peak positions is fit to extract mean (µ) and sigma (s) and define the response uniformity as RU= (s/µ) * 100% This test is performed at fixed applied voltage, well below the expected operating point in CMS in order to avoid the saturation of the electronics.
Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cern.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with full 3D CMS model: LHC pp collision event display in a perspective view showing two muons (the red lines), associated with hits on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (blue trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=34.01 GeV, η=-0.540) and muon (pT=37.63 GeV, η=-1.985) has a combined invariant mass of 91.14 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with full 3D CMS model (transparent): LHC pp collision event display in a perspective view showing two muons (the red lines), associated with hits on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (light purple trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=34.01 GeV, η=-0.540) and muon (pT=37.63 GeV, η=-1.985) has a combined invariant mass of 91.14 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with half of CMS model: LHC pp collision event display in a perspective view showing two muons (the red lines), associated with hits on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (blue trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=34.01 GeV, η=-0.540) and muon (pT=37.63 GeV, η=-1.985) has a combined invariant mass of 91.14 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with half of CMS model with close up view on GEM Rechit: LHC pp collision event display in a close up view showing two muons (the red lines) and its associated hits (GEM:purple CSC:green) on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (light purple trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=34.01 GeV, η=-0.540) and muon (pT=37.63 GeV, η=-1.985) has a combined invariant mass of 91.14 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with full 3D CMS model with close up view on GEM Rechit: LHC pp collision event display in a close up view showing two muons (the red lines) and its associated hits (GEM:purple CSC:green) on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (light purple trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=34.01 GeV, η=-0.540) and muon (pT=37.63 GeV, η=-1.985) has a combined invariant mass of 91.14 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with full 3D CMS model: LHC pp collision event display in a perspective view showing two muons (the red lines), associated with hits on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (blue trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=30.11 GeV, η=-1.956) and muon (pT=53.60 GeV, η=-1.993) has a combined invariant mass of 3.01 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with full 3D CMS model (transparent): LHC pp collision event display in a perspective view showing two muons (the red lines), associated with hits on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (light purple trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=30.11 GeV, η=-1.956) and muon (pT=53.60 GeV, η=-1.993) has a combined invariant mass of 3.01 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with half of CMS model: LHC pp collision event display in a perspective view showing two muons (the red lines), associated with hits on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (blue trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=30.11 GeV, η=-1.956) and muon (pT=53.60 GeV, η=-1.993) has a combined invariant mass of 3.01 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with half of CMS model with close up view on GEM Rechit: LHC pp collision event display in a close up view showing two muons (the red lines) and its associated hits (GEM:purple CSC:green) on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (light purple trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=30.11 GeV, η=-1.956) and muon (pT=53.60 GeV, η=-1.993) has a combined invariant mass of 3.01 GeV. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Event display with full 3D CMS model with close up view on GEM Rechit: LHC pp collision event display in a close up view showing two muons (the red lines) and its associated hits (GEM:purple CSC:green) on one of the five GE1/1 slice test super-chambers (light purple trapezoidal boxes) at station 1 of the endcap muon system. The antimuon (pT=30.11 GeV, η=-1.956) and muon (pT=53.60 GeV, η=-1.993) has a combined invariant mass of 3.01 GeV. |
Figure | Description |
---|---|
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the measured values of the Effective Gas Gain of the Triple-GEM prototype under test as a function of the Divider Current. The gain is calculated as: 𝑮=𝑰_𝒂𝒏/(𝒆 𝒏_𝟎 𝑹), where 𝑰_𝒂𝒏: anodic current, e: electron charge, 𝒏_𝟎: number of primaries, R: rate at the maximum efficiency. Gain difference in the two sectors is due to the hole in the drift plane which distorts the electric field. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the Hit Rate of the Triple-GEM prototype irradiated with a 55Fe source in function of the Divider Current. Rate in the alpha sector is lower because of the hole in the drift plane, resulting in less photon converted in the drift gap. The aim of this measurement is to identify the best workink point. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the charge spectrum obtained by the Single-Wire Proportional Chamber irradiated with a 55Fe source. Three peaks are visible: 1) Pedestal peak, 2) Argon Escape peak (≈3 keV), 55Fe photopeak (5.9 keV). The fit permits to monitor the Gain value (via peak position with respect to pedestal peak) and the Energy resolution of the Wire Chamber. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the charge spectrum obtained by the Triple-GEM prototype irradiated with a 55Fe source. Three peaks are visible: 1) Pedestal peak, 2) Argon Escape peak (≈3 keV), 55Fe photopeak (5.9 keV). The fit permits to monitor the Gain value (via peak position with respect to pedestal peak) and the Energy resolution of the GEM detector. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the charge spectrum obtained by the Triple-GEM prototype irradiated with a 241Am source. Three peaks are visible: 1)Pedestal peak 2) Two peaks due to the many alpha decay channels (http://nucleardata.nuclear.lu.se/toi/nuclide.asp?iZA=950241![]() |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the integrated charge in the Triple-GEM Sector (X-rays Sector) irradiated with a 55Fe source. Different slopes refer to different 55Fe source attenuations. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the integrated charge in the Triple-GEM Sector (α Sector) irradiated with a 241Am source. Different slopes are due to different calibration factors. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows Normalized (to the initial value) and Corrected (for the environmental fluctuations) Gain values of the Single Wire Proportional Chamber. The Gain dropped about to 20% of the initial value. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows Normalized (to the initial value) and Corrected (for the environmental fluctuations) Gain values of the X-ray Sector of the Triple-GEM detector. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows Normalized (to the initial value) and Corrected (for the environmental fluctuations) Gain values of the α Sector of the Triple-GEM detector. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the percentage concentration of some of the main atomic components of a GEM foil as a function of the distance from the hole edge (The variable Position increases as the distance from the hole decreases). Fluctuations in the percentage concentrations are due to hole imperfections. No Silicon traces means no polymer deposit. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the percentage concentration of some of the main atomic components of a GEM foil as a function of the distance from the hole edge (The variable Position increases as the distance from the hole decreases). Fluctuations in the percentage concentrations are due to hole imperfections. No Silicon traces means no polymer deposit. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the percentage concentration of some of the main atomic components of a GEM foil as a function of the distance from the hole edge (The variable Position increases as the distance from the hole decreases). Fluctuations in the percentage concentrations are due to hole imperfections. No Silicon traces means no polymer deposit. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the percentage concentration of some of the main atomic components of a GEM foil as a function of the distance from the hole edge (The variable Position increases as the distance from the hole decreases). Fluctuations in the percentage concentrations are due to hole imperfections. Silicon traces means that some polymers start to deposit. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the percentage concentration of some of the main atomic components of a GEM foil as a function of the distance from the hole edge (The variable Position increases as the distance from the hole decreases). Fluctuations in the percentage concentrations are due to hole imperfections. Silicon traces means that some polymers start to deposit. |
![]() |
*LHCC2019: The plot shows the percentage concentration of some of the main atomic components of a GEM foil as a function of the distance from the hole edge (The variable Position increases as the distance from the hole decreases). Fluctuations in the percentage concentrations are due to hole imperfections. Silicon traces means that some polymers start to deposit. |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: QC5 gain uniformity plot of GE1/1-X-S-KOREA-0004 detector: To measure the uniformity, the standard QC5 methodology established for GE1/1 production is followed. The measured gain variance is 12.8%. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: Aging test of GE1/1-X-S-KOREA-0001 detector: Corrected normalized gain as function of accumulated charge is presented. The vertical axis is corrected normalized gain. Initial gain is 20000. To measure the radiation hardness, the methodology established for R&D of GE1/1 and Phase-2 upgrade is followed. The chamber is installed in GIF++ and exposed to 662 keV x-ray from 137Cs for 2500 hour continuously. No gain drop due to aging effect is observed up to 66mC/cm2. It corresponds to 217 years of GE2/1 and 2.3 years of ME0 operation at the HL-LHC. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: Effective gas gains before and after discharges as a function of divider current: Consistency of the effective gas gains before and after discharges is shown. Even after 229 discharges there is no significant degradation on the detector performance. The small difference in the gain can be understood as effect from change of enviromental parameters - pressure and temperature. The effective gas gains are calibrated using 55Fe x-ray source and the discharge test is performed using 241Am 5.4 MeV alpha source. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: ADC spectra of GE1/1-X-S-KOREA-0004 detector before and after discharge: Consistent energy resolution of the detector before and after discharges is shown. Even after 229 discharges there is no significant degradation on the detector performance. The difference of peak position can be understood as effect from change of enviromental parameters - pressure and temperature. 55Fe x-ray source is used for the measurement and the discharge test is performed using 241Am 5.4 MeV alpha source. The spectra are fit to two gaussian functions for the peaks and 5th polynomial for the backgrouds. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: Discharge probability as a function of effective gas gain of GE1/1-X-S-KOREA-0004.: Each discharge event is identified through rapid current change of the HV power supply. A loop antenna is wound around a voltage divider wire to capture the induced signal from the current change in the HV circuit. The measurement is performed with 241Am 5.4 MeV alpha source to induce large primary charge. The discharge probability is fit to exponential form to estimate the probability in low gas gain region. The expected probability at the gain of 104 is ~10-9. |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: Leakage test results of GE1/1 detectors tested in Aachen. During the test, the detector is set to an overpressure of 25 mbar and the system is closed for one hour. The leak parameter tau is defined by fitting the pressure vs time curve with P(t)=P0*exp(-t/tau), where P0 is a constant. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: Effective Gas Gain of tested GE1/1 chambers. To measure the gas gain the standard QC5 methodology for GE1/1 production is used. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution of the entire chamber, while the triangles show the extrema of that distribution. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | LHCC2019: Response Uniformity of GE1/1 chambers tested in Aachen. To measure the gas gain the standard QC5 methodology for GE1/1 production is used. The standard deviation of the gain distribution is used as a measure for the response uniformity. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the processes undergone by neutrons when entering the Triple-GEM detector. The left vertical axis shows the process name, in Geant4 convention, while the right plot is the frequency of each process calculated as 𝑓=(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)/(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠) for each energy bin. Three regions can be identified: at low energies (E < 10 eV) neutrons capture processes are dominant; at intermediate energies (up to 1 MeV) the elastic scattering is dominant; at high energies (E > 1 MeV) the inelastic reactions are dominant. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the processes undergone by photons when entering the Triple-GEM detector. The left vertical axis shows the process name, in Geant4 convention, while the right plot is the frequency of each process calculated as 𝑓=(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)/(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠) for each energy bin. Three regions can be identified: at low energies (E < 0.3 MeV) the photoelectric effect is dominant; at intermediate energies (up to 18 MeV) the Compton scattering is dominant; at higher energies (E > 18 MeV) the pair production is dominant. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: This plot shows the position of the interactions undergone by photons in the Triple-GEM detector. It’s clear that, as expected, the regions with higher interaction number are the readout board and the shielding PCB placed on top of the detector. In particular, evident is the contribution coming from the interaction of photons with the Cu layer of the readout and of the drift board (enlighted with blu circles). Some interactions also occurs in the GEM foils themselves. In the gas gaps instead the interaction probability for photons is much lower. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: This plot shows the position of the interactions undergone by neutrons in the Triple-GEM detector. It’s clear that, as expected, the regions with higher interaction number are the readout board and the shielding PCB placed on top of the detector. Some interactions also occurs in the GEM foils themselves. In the gas gaps instead the interaction probability for neutrons is much lower. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the sensitivity of the Triple-GEM detector exposed to the CHARM flux as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. The sensitivity is obtained from the ratio between the number of signals generated into the detector and the number of particle hitting the detector itself. We assume the detector fires if at least 1 charged particle reaches one of the first two gas gaps (Drift or Transfer1). We then obtain an upper limit for the sensitivity. The error regions show the statistical error and, in the case of neutrons, there is also a systematic contribution (30%) coming from the choice of the physics list. The drop in the photon curve around 0.1 MeV is due to the cross section of the physics processes involved.The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the normalized hit rate of the Triple-GEM detector exposed to the CHARM flux, obtained averaging the sensitivity over the particle spectrum, as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. The plot allows to understand which particle give the highest contribution in each energy range. Up to 1 MeV, neutrons are dominant, while at higher energy ranges their contribution drops in favour of the different species of charged particles. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the drift gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irregularity in the neutron curve is due to the low statistics used in the simulation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the transfer1 gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irregularity in the neutron curve is due to the low statistics used in the simulation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the transfer2 gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irregularity in the neutron curve is due to the low statistics used in the simulation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the induction gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irregularity in the neutron curve is due to the low statistics used in the simulation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: This plot shows the position of the interactions undergone by photons in the Triple-GEM detector. It’s clear that, as expected, the regions with higher interaction number are the readout board and the shielding PCB placed on top of the detector. In particular, evident is the contribution coming from the interaction of photons with the Cu layer of the readout and of the drift board. Some interactions also occurs in the GEM foils themselves. In the gas gaps instead the interaction probability for neutrons is much lower. In the plot with the aluminum support, a peak due to the presence of the support itself can be identified at z = 12.5 mm. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | *IEEE2018: This plot shows the position of the interactions undergone by neutrons in the Triple-GEM detector. It’s clear that, as expected, the regions with higher interaction number are the readout board and the shielding PCB placed on top of the detector. Some interactions also occurs in the GEM foils themselves. In the gas gaps instead the interaction probability for neutrons is much lower. In the plot with the aluminum support, a peak due to the presence of the support itself can be identified at z = 12.5 mm. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. The simulated geometry includes the detector and the aluminum support used during the actual test. |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ICHEP2018:Effective gas gain curves as a function of divider current of three GE1/1-S-X-KOREA detectors. The detectors are assembled with Mecaro GEM foils. 0002 and 0003 detectors share parts except GEM foils. To measure gain curves, the standard QC5 methodology established for GE1/1 production is followed. Measured gains are 2.2-5.1*10^4 at 700uA divider current. The results are consistent with the gains of GE/1 detectors based on CERN foils. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ICHEP2018: QC5 gain uniformity plot of GE1/1-S-X-KOREA-0001 detector. To measure the uniformity, the standard QC5 methodology established for GE1/1 production is followed. The measured gain variance is 16.2%. The results is slightly above TDR requirement of 15%. It could be explained by PCB bending or GEM hole non-uniformity. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ICHEP2018: QC5 gain uniformity plot of GE1/1-S-X-KOREA-0002 detector. To measure the uniformity, the standard QC5 methodology established for GE1/1 production is followed. The measured gain variance is 10.2%. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ICHEP2018: QC5 gain uniformity plot of GE1/1-S-X-KOREA-0003 detector. To measure the uniformity, the standard QC5 methodology established for GE1/1 production is followed. The measured gain variance is 12.0%. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ICHEP2018: Rate capability plot of GE1/1-S-X-KOREA-0003 detector. Normalized gas gain as a function of x-ray flux (Hz/mm^2) is shown. Initial gain is 32000. To scan x-ray flux, not only current of x-ray tube is varied but also the number of Cu tape as attenuator is varied. Because counting electronics can't work well at rate over 6*10^5 Hz due to signal pileup, extrapolation is used to estimate event rate. By using 2mm diameter collimator, exposed area to x-ray is estimated as 3.14mm^2. No bump on normalized gain is observed. It seems to contradict to common knowledge on collection efficiency and gain depending on rate and space charge. Actually it's due to high protection resistor. As GE1/1 foil equipped with 10Mohm protection resistor, voltage drop due to extra current at high x-ray flux is significant. Thus real voltage applied on GEM foil drops at high flux. That's why increase of gain is not observed. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ICHEP2018: Aging test of GE1/1-S-X-KOREA-0001 detector. Corrected normalized gain as function of accumulated charge is presented. The vertical axis is corrected normalized gain. Initial gain is 20000. To measure the radiation hardness, the methodology established for R&D of GE1/1 and Phase-2 upgrade is followed. The chamber is installed in GIF++ and exposed to 662 keV x-ray from Cs 137 for 1300 hour continuously. No gain drop due to aging effect is observed up to 34mC/cm^2. It corresponds to 113 years of GE2/1 and 1.2 years of ME0 operation at the HL-LHC. The measurement is a part of quality evaluation of Mecaro foils that will be used for Phase-2 upgrade of GEM chambers. |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: CHARM Fluences in the irradiation position. This plot shows the spectrum of the different particle species present in the irradiation position. The fluence is in (cm^-2/POT), where POT means Proton On Target, i.e. the number of protons from PS hitting the CHARM target at every spill. Numerically, it is about 4,5 x 10^11 POT/spill. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. These data are coming from a FLUKA simulation performed by the CHARM personnel (see also IEEE TNS, Vol. 63, AO. 4, August 2016) |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Simulated neutron fluence. The plot shows the comparison between the neutron fluence provided by the CHARM personnel (black) and the one used for the Geant4 simulation (red). The simulated one is obtained from a sampling of the complete spectrum. The fluence is in (cm^-2/POT), where POT means Proton On Target, i.e. the number of protons from PS hitting the CHARM target at every spill. Numerically, it is about 4,5 x 10^11 POT/spill. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Sensitivity vs Energy of incident particle. The plot shows the sensitivity of the Triple-GEM detector exposed to the CHARM flux as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. The sensitivity is obtained from the ratio between the number of signals generated into the detector and the number of particle hitting the detector itself. We assume the detector fires if at least 1 charged particle reaches one of the first two gas gaps (Drift or Transfer1). We then obtain an upper limit for the sensitivity. The error bars show the statistical error and, in the case of neutrons, there is also a systematic contribution (30%) coming from the choice of the physics list. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Normalized hit rate The plot shows the normalized hit rate of the Triple-GEM detector exposed to the CHARM flux, obtained averaging the sensitivity over the particle spectrum, as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. The plot allows to understand which particle give the highest contribution in each energy range. Up to 1 MeV, neutrons are dominant, while at higher energy ranges their contribution drops in favour of the different species of charged particles. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Mean total energy deposited in the Drift Gap. The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the 3 mm drift gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Mean total energy deposited in the Transfer 1 Gap. The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the 1 mm transfer1 gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Mean total energy deposited in the Transfer 2 Gap. The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the 2 mm transfer2 gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Mean total energy deposited in the Induction Gap. The plot shows the mean total energy deposited into the 1 mm induction gap by particle hitting the detector as a function of the energy of the incident particle, for the different particle species present. Each point in each data series represents the average energy deposited by a particle of a certain species with a certain energy. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Total energy deposited by neutrons. The plots show the total energy deposited into the different gaps by a neutron hitting the detector, as a function of the energy of the neutron itself. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The frequency on the z axis is obtained by dividing the number of events in which the neutron deposits a certain amount of energy by the number of neutrons generated for each energy bin in the simulation (10^6). Interesting is the fact that, while for photons (following plot) the energy deposited reaches values up to 100 keV, for neutrons the maximus can be up to one order of magnitude bigger, 1 MeV. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | CHEP2018: Total energy deposited by gamma. The plots show the total energy deposited into the different gaps by a gamma hitting the detector, as a function of the energy of the gamma itself. This number doesn’t include only the energy lost by ionization, but all the energy deposited in each process that the particle undergone. For this reason, this is not optimal for the calculation of the number of primaries produced in the interaction, because it would give an overestimation. The frequency on the z axis is obtained by dividing the number of events in which the gamma deposits a certain amount of energy by the number of gamma generated for each energy bin in the simulation (10^6). Interesting is the fact that, while for neutrons (previous plot) the energy deposited reaches values up to 1 MeV, for photons the maximus is of the order of 100 keV. The irradiation position is R3 while CuCIIC is the shielding configuration used, i.e. Cu target, then 1 concrete shielding plus 2 iron shieldings plus another concrete shielding. |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Gas leak parameters of the GE1/1 chambers. The leak parameter tau is defined by fitting the pressure vs time curve with Pm(t)=EXP(A-t/tau), where A is a constant. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Deviation between the expected resistance and the resistance measured with the I (V) curve of the GE1/1 detectors. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | The rate of the spurious signal measured for the detectors assembled in specified sites in Hz vs. the serial number of the chamber. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the long GE1/1 chambers for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the short GE1/1 chambers for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the long GE1/1 chambers, assembled at CERN, for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane while blue and red traingles represent maximum and minimum gain for a chamber with given s/n respectively. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the short GE1/1 chambers, assembled at CERN, for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane while blue and red traingles represent maximum and minimum gain for a chamber with given s/n respectively. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the short GE1/1 chambers, assembled at the Bari site, for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane while blue and red traingles represent maximum and minimum gain for a chamber with given s/n respectively. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the short GE1/1 chambers, assembled at the FIT site, for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane while blue and red traingles represent maximum and minimum gain for a chamber with given s/n respectively. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the long GE1/1 chambers, assembled in Ghent, for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane while blue and red traingles represent maximum and minimum gain for a chamber with given s/n respectively. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
|
Muon Community (GMM) | Effective gas gain of the long GE1/1 pakistan chambers, assembled at CERN, for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane while blue and red traingles represent maximum and minimum gain for a chamber with given s/n respectively. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Efficiency of the B2B GE1/1 gap configuration detector vs. The effective gas gain. The black dashed line represents the nominal gain at which GE1/1 detectors are foreseen to operate, while red and blue dashed lines represent the extendednominal gain regions of +/- 15% and +/-50 % respectively. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Time resolution of the B2B GE1/1 gap configuration detector vs. The effective gas gain. The black dashed line represents the nominal time resolution at which GE1/1 detectors are foreseen to operate, while red and blue dashed lines represent the time resolutions for the detector operating at +/- 15% and +/-50% of the nominal gain. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC5 gain uniformity plot of GE2/1-M4detector. To measure the uniformity, the standard QC5 methodology established for GE1/1 production is followed. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Example of the QC3 test output: Typical pressure vs time curve obtained during the GE1/1 quality control. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC3 production summary plot: Gas leak parameters of the GE1/1 chambers. The leak parameter tau is defined by fitting the pressure vs time curve with P(t)=EXP(A-t/tau), where A is a constant. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Example of the QC4 test output: Typical I(V) curve obtained during the GE1/1 quality control. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC4 production summary plot: Deviation between the expected resistance and the resistance measured with the I(V) curve of the GE1/1 detectors. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC5 production summary plot for Long chambers: Effective gas gain of the long GE1/1 chambers for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC5 production summary plot for Short chambers: Effective gas gain of the short GE1/1 chambers for a HV divider current equal to 660uA. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the gain distribution for the entire detector plane. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Example of the QC5 gain curve output: Typical effective gain curve obtained during the GE1/1 quality control. I_divider is the current flowing through the HV resistive divider that provide potential to the detector electrodes. P0 and T0 corrections parameter are determined by averaging the temperature and pressure conditions in the P5 cavern. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: GIF++ Aging Test - Integrated Charge vs. Time: Integrated charge versus time collected during the GIF++ studies. The aim of the new Aging Test is to reach the integrated charge of the new ME0 station (at least 283 mC/cm2). Different slopes account for different attenuation factors during data taking. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: GIF++ Aging Test - Normalized and Corrected Gas Gain: Result of the GIF++ Triple-GEM aging test showing the normalized and corrected effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-IV-S-CERN-0001 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2X10^4. The new Aging Study is in course at GIF++ with a GE1/1 detector of the 4th. generation operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30). The chamber accumulated a total charge of 125 mC/cm2 after 10 months of continuous irradiation, which represents 10 years of GE1/1 operation at the HL-LHC with a safety factor 21, ten years of GE2/1 operation with a safety factor 42, and 44% of the total ME0 operation. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: X-ray Ray Aging Test - Integrated Charge vs. Time: Integrated charge versus time collected during the X-ray aging studies at CMS-GEM QA/QC Lab. The aim of the new Aging Test is to reach the integrated charge of the new ME0 station (at least 283 mC/cm2 + safety factor 3). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: X-ray Ray Aging Test - Normalized and Corrected Gas Gain: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing: 1) the normalized effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge (red dots); 2) the normalized and corrected effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge (black dots).All the data points were normalized with the initial value of the gas gain. The plot shows the the amplitude of the gain fluctuations and the effect of the environmental correction on the raw data. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: X-ray Aging Test - Normalized and Corrected Gas Gain: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the normalized and corrected effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2X10^4. The new Aging Study is in course at CMS – GEM QA/QC Lab. with a GE1/1 detector of the 10th. generation operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30). The chamber accumulated a total charge of 875 mC/cm2 after 156 days of continuous irradiation, i.e. 10 years of real operation in ME0 region with a safety factor 3.1 Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: X-ray Ray Aging Test - Weekly Effective Gas Gain Measurements: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the weekly QC5-effective gas gain measurement as a function of the Accumulated Charge values. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30). The measurements have been performed with the 660uA working point which corresponds to a gas gain of about 1x10^4. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: X-ray Ray Aging Test - Weekly Effective Gas Gain Measurements: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the weekly QC5-effective gas gain measurement as a function of the Accumulated Charge values. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30). The measurements have been performed with the 680uA working point which corresponds to a gas gain of about 2x10^4. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | ELBA2018: X-ray Ray Aging Test - Weekly Energy Resolution Measurements: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the energy resolution as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2X10^4. The energy spectrum of the 109Cd source was measured every weeks and the corresponding energy resolution stays stable during the entire test. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | GIF++ Aging Test - Accumulated Charge vs. Time: Integrated charge versus time collected during the GIF++ studies. The aim of the new Aging Test is to reach the integrated charge of the new ME0 station (at least 283 mC/cm2). Different slopes account for different attenuation factors during data taking. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | GIF++ Aging Test - Normalized and Corrected Gas Gain: Result of the GIF++ Triple-GEM aging test showing: 1) the normalized effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge (red dots); 2) the normalized and corrected effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge (black dots).All the data points were normalized with the initial value of the gas gain. The plot shows the the amplitude of the gain fluctuations and the effect of the environmental correction on the raw data. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | GIF++ Aging Test - T/P Correlation Plot: Typical data points taken at GIF++ showing the normalized anode current and the ratio temperature over pressure of the gas. The large fluctuations of the anode current are essentially correlated to the variations of the environmental conditions. The ratio “T/P” is used to better visualize the phenomenon but the environmental fluctuations must be treated separately. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | GIF++ Aging Test - Normalized and Corrected Gas Gain: Result of the GIF++ Triple-GEM aging test showing the normalized and corrected effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-IV-S-CERN-0001 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2X10^4. The new Aging Study is in course at GIF++ with a GE1/1 detector of the 4th. generation operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30). The chamber accumulated a total charge of 110 mC/cm2 after 10 months of continuous irradiation, which represents 10 years of GE1/1 operation at the HL-LHC with a safety factor 18, ten years of GE2/1 operation with a safety factor 36, and 39% of the total ME0 operation. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | X-ray Ray Aging Test - Accumulated Charge vs. Time: Integrated charge versus time collected during the X-ray aging studies at CMS-GEM QA/QC Lab. The aim of the new Aging Test is to reach the integrated charge of the new ME0 station (at least 283 mC/cm2 + safety factor 3). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | X-ray Aging Test - Normalized and Corrected Gas Gain: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the normalized and corrected effective gas gain as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2X10^4. The new Aging Study is in course at CMS – GEM QA/QC Lab. with a GE1/1 detector of the 10th. generation operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30). The chamber accumulated a total charge of 515 mC/cm2 after 92 days of continuous irradiation, i.e. 10 years of real operation in ME0 region with a safety factor 1.8. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | X-ray Ray Aging Test - Weekly Effective Gas Gain Measurements: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the weekly QC5-effective gas gain measurement: effective gas gain as a function of the Diveider Current for several accumulated charge values. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2X10^4. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | X-ray Aging Test - 109Cd Energy Spectrum: Typical Energy Spectrum of the 109Cd source. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber, operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2x10^4. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | X-ray Ray Aging Test - Weekly Energy Resolution Measurements: Result of the X-ray Triple-GEM aging test showing the energy resolution as a function of the accumulated charge. The detector under test is a GE1/1-X-S-CERN-0002 chamber operating in Ar/CO2 (70:30) at an initial gas gain of 2X10^4. The energy spectrum of the 109Cd source was measured every weeks and the corresponding energy resolution stays stable during the entire test. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC4 results (I-V curve) with the GE1/1 chamber based on Korean GEM foils. It shows a good linear shape without any discharge. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC4 results (Spurious Signal Rate) with the GE1/1 chamber based on Korean foils. The signal rate < 10 Hz at I = 700 uA. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | QC5 results (Effective gain) with the GE1/1 chamber based on Korean GEM foils. Effective gain is around 20000 at I = 700 uA and it is comparable with that of CERN chambers. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Distribution of gain with the GE1/1 chamber based on Mecaro GEM foils in QC5 test (gain uniformity). The gain is measured in ADC counts from each slice (= 4 strips) and shown by shifting the mean value of the distribution to 0. The red curve is a Gaussian fit, showing non-uniformitty of 16%, where 15% or better is required for passing the QC5 test. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Title: Description (missing). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch Other formats: pdf |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Title: Description (missing). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch Other formats: pdf |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Title: Description (missing). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch Other formats: pdf |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Title: Description (missing). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch Other formats: pdf |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Title: Description (missing). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch Other formats: pdf |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Title: Description (missing). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch Other formats: pdf |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Chamber efficiency vs. Gain of the GE1/1 size muRWell prototype: The triangles denote the left and right sectors of this prototype. The circles and the squares refer to the efficiency of the two small size (10cmx10cm) muRWell prototypes. The behaviour of all three prototypes is very similar. All devices have been operated in Ar:CO2:CF4 (45:15:40) and read out with VFAT2 electronics. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Time resolution vs. Gain of the GE1/1 size μRWell prototype: The triangles denote the left and right sectors of this prototype. The circles and the squares refer to the values obtained with the two small size (10x10 cm^2) μRWell prototypes. The behaviour of all three prototypes is very similar. All devices have been operated in Ar:CO2:CF4 (45:15:40) and read out with VFAT2 electronics. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Current drawn by the GE1/1 size prototype at the GIF++: The current when the source is on is extremely stable over time. No dark current is observed when the source is off. The highest spikes are of the order of 4-6 μA. These spikes are of relatively small amplitude and of short duration (few seconds) and would not affect the operation in collider mode. After about 40 days the voltage applied was raised, in two steps, to increase the gain and the integrated dose accumulation. Gas: Ar:CO2 (70:30). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Radiation absorbed by the GE1/1 size prototype exposed at the GIF++: The integrated dose received is ~32 mC/cm^2. This corresponds to more than 5 times the accumulated dose expected in 10 years of GE2/1 operation at HL-LHC. Gas: Ar:CO2 (70:30). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Efficiency vs. HV applied to the GE2/1 M4 μRWell detector: The plateau starts at ~520 V. Gas: Ar:CO2 (70:30). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Efficiency across the upper part of the GE2/1 M4 μRWell detector: The efficiency varies between 98.5 and 99.5%. Gas: Ar:CO2 (70:30). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Efficiency across the lower part of the GE2/1 M4 μRWell detector: The efficiency varies between 98 and 99.5%. Gas: Ar:CO2 (70:30). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | Efficiency across the GE2/1 M4 μRWell detector: The efficiency varies between 98 and 99.5%. The detector shape is drawn on top of the 2D plot. Gas: Ar:CO2 (70:30). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Delay between seen S-Bit and received L1A for Cosmic Muon data: The firmware counts the number of clock cycles between the time it receives a tigger signal from any of the front end chips (VFAT S-bit) and the time it receives a level-1 accept (L1A) command from the CMS trigger system. Data was taken during cosmic running and is integrated over all GEM chambers and shown for each ieta/iphi (VFAT) position. The large peaking at 170 BX is due to a real signal, while the extraneous hits are due to a noise hit being correlated with an L1A. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Delay between seen S-Bit and received L1A for Cosmic Muon data: The firmware counts the number of clock cycles between the time it receives a tigger signal from any of the front end chips (VFAT S-bit) and the time it receives a level-1 accept (L1A) command from the CMS trigger system. Data was taken during cosmic running and is integrated over all GEM chambers. The large peaking at 170 BX is due to a real signal, while the extraneous hits are due to a noise hit being correlated with an L1A. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Delay between seen S-Bit and received L1A for Cosmic Muon data: The firmware counts the number of clock cycles between the time it receives a tigger signal from any of the front end chips (VFAT S-bit) and the time it receives a level-1 accept (L1A) command from the CMS trigger system. Data was taken during cosmic running and is integrated over all GEM chambers and shown for each ieta/iphi (VFAT) position. The large peaking at 170 BX is due to a real signal, while the extraneous hits are due to a noise hit being correlated with an L1A. VFAT positions 7, 15, and 23 ( are known to be noisier than the rest, and the hits at 60 BX are currently being investigated. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Delay between seen S-Bit and received L1A for Cosmic Muon data: The firmware counts the number of clock cycles between the time it receives a tigger signal from any of the front end chips (VFAT S-bit) and the time it receives a level-1 accept (L1A) command from the CMS trigger system. Data was taken during cosmic running and is integrated over all GEM chambers. The large peaking at 170 BX is due to a real signal. The secondary peak at 60 BX is currently being investigated. The low level of hits seen across all BX values is due to noise hits being correlated with an L1A. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Plot description | Caption | Approved by? | Plot |
---|---|---|---|
HV stability of GEMINI28L1 in the period 10-20 April 2017 | The plot shows the behavior of the voltage and divider current of one of the Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station in the period 10th-20th of April 2017. In particular, the chamber is GEMINI28L1, which is positioned in the slot GE-1/1-28 towards the interaction point (Layer 1). The blue data series represents the voltage applied to the chamber, while the red one is the current passing through the high voltage divider used to distribute the the power to the different foils and gaps. The data of both the series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time that one value changes. This is the reason why the sampling is not regular and for the divider current there are less data: after the 12th of April the value of current didn't change, so there are no data in the interval 12th-20th April. The plots shows an overall stability of the chamber over a 10 days period, with variations of the order of 1 % for the voltage and 0.3 % for the divider current. The errors are estimated from the resolution of the A1526N CAEN module, used to power the detector, and are ± 1 V and ± 0.1 μA for the voltage and current respectively. The dashed lines are used only to guide the eyes. | Muon Community (GMM) | |
HV stability of GEMINI28L1 in the period 10-20 April 2017 (no collisions, like the above plot, with text added and different scale of the axis) | Voltage and divider current vs time, for one Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station in the period 10th- 20th of April 2017. The chamber is GEMINI28L1, positioned in the slot GE-1/1-28 towards the interaction point (Layer 1). In this period no beam was provided by LHC, so reported data are taken without collisions in CMS. Blue crosses represent the voltage applied to the chamber, while red dots show the current passing through the high voltage divider, used to distribute the power to the different foils and gaps. Both data series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time one value changes. This explains not-regular sampling; moreover, for the divider current there are less data: after the 12th April the value of current didn't change, so there are no data after this day. The red dashed line indicates the constant measured value where the latter did not change. The plot shows overall stability of the chamber over a 7 hours period, with variations of the order of 1% for the voltage and 0.3% for the divider current. Errors are estimated from the resolution of the A1526N CAEN module, used to power the detector, and are ± 1 V and ± 0.1 μA for the voltage and current respectively. Dashed lines are used to guide the eyes. | Muon Community (GMM) | |
HV stability of GEMINI28L1 on 12th September 2017 (during collisions) | Voltage and divider current vs time, for one Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station, on the 12th September 2017 approximately for 7 hours. The chamber is GEMINI28L1, positioned in the slot GE-1/1-28 towards the interaction point (Layer 1). Blue crosses represent the voltage applied to the chamber, while red dots show the current passing through the high voltage divider, used to distribute the power to the different foils and gaps. Reported data are taken during collisions, in particular during fill 6191. Both data series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time one value changes. This explains not-regular sampling; moreover, for the divider current there are less data: after the first moments the value of current didn't change, so there are no data during most of the considered time interval. The red dashed line indicates the constant measured value where the latter did not change. The plot shows overall stability of the chamber over a 7 hours period, with variations of the order of 0.3% for the voltage and 0.1% for the divider current. Errors are estimated from the resolution of the A1526N CAEN module, used to power the detector, and are ± 1 V and ± 0.1 μA for the voltage and current respectively. Dashed lines are used to guide the eyes. | Muon Community (GMM) |
Plot description | Caption | Approved by? | Plot |
---|---|---|---|
HV stability of GEMINI01L1 in the period 15-20 April 2017 | The plot shows the behavior of the voltage of one of the Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station in the period 15th-20th of April 2017. In particular, the chamber is GEMINI01L1, which is positioned in the slot GE-1/1-01 towards the interaction point (Layer 1). This particular chamber is powered with a multichannel power supply, with 7 channels represented by the 7 data series. Each doesn't give an absolute value of the voltage applied to that particular layer, but only the difference in voltage with respect to the previous one. The data of all the series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time that one value changes. This is the reason why the sampling is not regular.The plots shows an overall stability of the chamber over a 5 days period. The dashed lines are used only to guide the eyes. | Muon Community (GMM) | |
HV stability of GEMINI01L2 in the period 13-20 April 2017 (no collisions) | Voltage vs time, for one Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station in the period 13th- 20th of April 2017. The chamber is GEMINI01L2, positioned in the slot GE-1/1-01 as second triple-GEM layer encountered from the interaction point (Layer 2). In this period no beam was provided by LHC, so reported data are taken without collisions in CMS. This particular chamber is powered with a multichannel power supply, with 7 channels represented by the 7 data series. Absolute values of voltage are not shown, whereas each series represents voltage difference with respect to the previous one. Data of all series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time one value changes. This explains not regular sampling. The plot shows an overall stability of the chamber over a 7 days period. Dashed lines are used to guide the eyes. | Muon Community (GMM) | |
HV stability of GEMINI01L2 on 29th August 2017 (during collisions) | Voltage vs time, for one Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station, on the 29th August approximately for 12 hours. The chamber is GEMINI01L2, positioned in the slot GE-1/1-01 as second triple-GEM layer encountered from the interaction point (Layer 2). Reported data are taken during collisions, in particular during fill 6143. This particular chamber is powered with a multichannel power supply, with 7 channels represented by the 7 data series. Absolute values of voltage are not shown, whereas each series represents voltage difference with respect to the previous one. Data of all series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time one value changes. This explains not regular sampling. The plot shows an overall stability of the chamber over a 7 days period. Dashed lines are used to guide the eyes. | Muon Community (GMM) |
Plot description | Caption | Approved by? | Plot |
---|---|---|---|
LV stability of GEMINI28L1 in the period 10-21 April 2017 - VFAT/GEB | The plot shows the behavior of the voltage and current of the GEB and VFATs of one of the Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station in the period 10th-20th of April 2017. In particular, the chamber is GEMINI28L1, which is positioned in the slot GE-1/1-28 towards the interaction point (Layer 1). The blue data series represents the voltage applied, while the red one is the current drawn by the GEB and the VFATs. The data of both the series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time that one value changes. This is the reason why the sampling is not regular. For the current, two typical ranges can be oserved: the current is around 2 A when the VFATs are in sleep mode, while during the runs, the current reaches about 6.5 A. During the period considered the LV remained always on, with moment of operation alternated to period of standby, except for a short moment on the 14th of April (when the two data series go to zero). During both the periods of operation and standby, the system results to be overall stable. | Muon Community (GMM) | |
LV stability of GEMINI28L1 in the period 10-21 April 2017 - OH2V | The plot shows the behavior of the voltage and current of one of the channels of the Optohybrid (OH) of one of the Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station in the period 10th-20th of April 2017. In particular, the chamber is GEMINI28L1, which is positioned in the slot GE-1/1-28 towards the interaction point (Layer 1). The blue data series represents the voltage applied, while the red one is the current drawn by OH. The data of both the series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time that one value changes. This is the reason why the sampling is not regular. During the period considered the LV remained always on, with moment of operation alternated to period of standby, except for a short moment on the 14th of April (when the two data series go to zero). During all the operation, the system results to be overall stable. | Muon Community (GMM) | |
LV stability of GEMINI28L1 in the period 10-21 April 2017 - OH4V | The plot shows the behavior of the voltage and current of the second of the channels of the Optohybrid (OH) of one of the Triple-GEM chamber installed for the GE1/1 station in the period 10th-20th of April 2017. In particular, the chamber is GEMINI28L1, which is positioned in the slot GE-1/1-28 towards the interaction point (Layer 1). The blue data series represents the voltage applied, while the red one is the current drawn by OH. The data of both the series are automatically stored in an Oracle database by the GEM Detector Control System (DCS), every time that one value changes. This is the reason why the sampling is not regular. During the period considered the LV remained always on, with moment of operation alternated to period of standby, except for a short moment on the 14th of April (when the two data series go to zero). During all the operation, the system results to be overall stable. | Muon Community (GMM) |
Plot description | Caption | Approved by? | Plot |
---|---|---|---|
Accepted GEM Foil Leakage Currents Post Detector Assembly. Other formats: short & long: pdf, short only png pdf, long only png pdf |
The leakage current is the current that flows from the top of a GEM foil to the bottom along the dielectric surface of the walls of the holes, which have been chemically etched into the foil, in the presence of an applied voltage. The plot shows the leakage current for accepted foils used in the assembly of detectors for the GE1/1 Slice Test after detector construction has completed. Voltage is applied using a giga-ohm insulation tester. Applied voltage is either 500 or 550 volts depending on the model number of the giga-ohm insulation tester used. The leakage currents are measured inside a class 1’000 clean room in air with the relative humidity controlled to less than 40%. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch | Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Behaviour of High Voltage Distribution Circuits used to Power GE1/1 Detectors. Other formats: pdf short only png pdf long only png pdf |
Behavior of the high voltage distribu/on circuit, which uses a resistive divider to ground, used to power GE1/1 Slice Test detectors. Detectors are flushed with CO 2 for 5 hours at 2.5L/hr prior to powering. The effective resistance of the high voltage distribution circuit is 5.0 (5.3) MOhm in the presence of one (two) external low-‐pass symmetric filters. Curves shown at left are representative of all GE1/1 Slice Test detectors. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch | Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Percent Difference Between Measured and Calculated Values for the Effective Resistance of the High Voltage Distribution Circuits used to Power GE1/1 Detectors. Other formats pdf |
Percent difference between measured, using an ohm-meter, and calculated, derived from the slope of the lines displayed in the previous plots, effective resistance values for the high voltae distribution circuits used to power the GE1/1 detectors. Detectors are flushed with CO2 for 5 hours at 2.5 l/hr prior to powering. The effective resistance of the high voltage distribution circuit is 5.0 (5.3) MOhm in the presence of one (two) low-pass symmetric filters. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch | Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Spurious Signal R_ss Rates observed while powering GE1/1 Slice Test Detectors in Non-Amplifying Gas. Other formats: pdf short only: png pdf long only: png pdf long (zoom): png pdf |
Description to be taken from the presentation Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch | Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Origin of the Spurious Signals due to a Coronal Discharge inside the GE1/1 Detector Gas Volume. Other formats: pdf |
Spurious signal counts versus strip number recorded with a high granularity charge sensi/ve readout system. Detector is flushed with Ar/CO2 (70/30) at 2.5 L/hr. The current in the resis/ve divider is 537 μA, corresponding to an efficiency below 1%. Counts originate only from spurious signals and not paricle ionization. Three trials were performed: (i) baseline design, (ii) non-‐ferromagnetic stainless steel stretching pullouts insulated with polyurethane spray, and (iii) stretching pullouts made from nylon. The second and third trials have the metallic lateral stretching screw removed between strip number 250 and 300. These trials demonstrate that coronal discharges from the GEM active area to conductive components do not cause the spurious signal. The origin of the spurious signal is a coronal discharge from the GEM active area along the internal frame to ground through the anode strips readout chain. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch | Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Effective Gas Gain of GE1/1 Slice Test Detectors as a Function of Divider Current. Other formats: pdf short only: png pdf long only: png pdf |
Description to be taken from the presentation Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch | Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Effective Gas Gain of GE1/1 Slice Test Detectors as a Function of Divider Voltage. Other formats: pdf short only: png pdf long only: png pdf |
Description to be taken from the presentation Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch | Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Spectral Analysis Example Along an iη Row of a GE1/1 Slice Test Detector Used in Response Uniformity Determination. Other formats: pdf for papers: png pdf |
Description to be taken from the presentation Use this version only for posters and talks. Take the alternative version for publication in Papers and Proceedings. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Spectral Analysis Example Along an iη Row of a GE1/1 Slice Test Detector Used in Response Uniformity Determination. Other formats: pdf |
Description to be taken from the presentation Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Muon Community (GMM) | ![]() |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | FTM Detector Response vs X-ray source current: FTM Hit Rate as function of the Amptek Mini-X (Ag) X-ray source current for signals picked up from the top (drift) electrode and bottom (readout) electrode. The detector response is linear with the X-ray flux and the detector can be considered as electrically transparent. Both signals were read with Ortec 142 PC Pre-Amplifier (Gain 40000) and Ortec 474 Amplifier (Gain 20). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | FTM Detector Time Resolution in Muon beam: Time distribution of the signal pickup from the drift electrode in coincidence with a signal from the readout electrode. The gas mixture used was Ar:CO2 (70:30) and the signals were read with a Cividec broadband amplifier (Gain 100) and Lecroy linear amplifier (Gai n7.5). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | FTM Detector Time Resolution in Pion beam: Time distribution of the signal pickup from the drift electrode in coincidence with a signal from the readout electrode. The gas mixture used was Ar:CO2 (70:30) and the signals were read with a Cividec broadband amplifier (Gain 100) and Lecroy linear amplifier (Gain7.5). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
Muon Community (GMM) | FTM Detector Time Resolution in Muon and Pion beam as function of the drift field: Time resolution of the signal pickup from the drift electrodie in coincidence with a signal from the readout electrode as function of the drift field. The gas mixture used was Ar:CO2 (70:30) and the signals were read with a Cividec broadband amplifier (Gain 100) and Lecroy linear amplifier (Gain7.5). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
Figure | Approved by | Description |
---|---|---|
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Beam Profile of Muon beam with Tracker 1: Trackers are 10cmx10cm triple GEMs. This shows the beam spot of muon beam. The Muon beam is reflected in the 3D plot as the maximum particles hit at center of the tracker. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Beam Profile of Muon beam with Tracker 2: Trackers are 10cmx10cm triple GEMs. This shows the beam spot of muon beam. The Muon beam is reflected in the 3D plot as the maximum particles hit at center of the tracker. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Beam Profile of Muon beam with Tracker 3: Trackers are 10cmx10cm triple GEMs. This shows the beam spot of muon beam. The Muon beam is reflected in the 3D plot as the maximum particles hit at center of the tracker. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Hit position measured by the three trackers along x: Hit position measured by three trackers and GE1/1 (gap configuration 3/1/2/1 mm) along x. Here hits in all 4 detectors are comparable and show that the beam is at the center of the detector. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Hit position measured by the three trackers along y: Hit position measured by three trackers along y. No GE1/1 here sine it is with 1D readout along x. Here hits of all 3 trackers are comparable and show that the beam is at the center of the detector. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Fiducial Region Selection (Efficiency Denominator): This plot shows the two dimensional profile plot of the tracker. This shows number of muons reconstructed by fitting linearly the hits found on the three trackers with a normalised Chi-squared < 10. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Fiducial Region Selection (Efficiency Nominator): Number of muons reconstructed fitting the hits found on the three trackers that are also compatible with the hit detected on GE1/1 within 5mm. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | GE1/1 detection efficiency: number of reconstructed muons leaving a hit in GE1/1 divided by the total number of reconstructed muons (i.e. ratio of the above two plots). Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | ![]() |
![]() |
CMS (RC & WGM) | Time resolution vs E_drift for different gas mixtures: time resolution is extracted fitting the experimental data using a gaussian distribution convoluted with piecewise function which models the LHC's 40MHz clock (in order to remove its impact). The time resolution with Ar/CO2 (70/30) reaches lower values at lower E_drift. However, the gain is one order of magnitude higher w.r.t use of Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40). This means faster timing can be achieved at lower gains with the addition of CF4 reducing the discharge probability and so increasing the detector safety. Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-gem@cernNOSPAMPLEASE.ch |