TWiki> CMSPublic Web>PhysicsResults>MuonDPGResults>RPCPlots>RPCDPGResultsRPC2020>RPCUpgrade2020 (2020-11-02, AndresCabrera) EditAttachPDF

Aging Study on Resistive Plate Chambers of the CMS muon detector for HL-LHC (Reham Aly)

Presented on General Muon Meeting (GMM) on 27 January 2020. Slides

Introduction

The RPC system has been certified for 10 years of LHC (at nominal luminosity of 1034 cm-2s-1 ).

Longevity program aims to certify that the present RPC detectors can survive the hard background conditions during the HL-LHC period.

A dedicated longevity test is set up at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++), since July 2016 where few spare RPCs are exposed to a high gamma radiation for a long term period to mimic the HL-LHC operational conditions.

Two chambers are continuously irradiated “IRR. chambers” and two chambers are turn on from time to time and used as a reference “Ref. chambers”

During the longevity test the main detector parameters are monitored as a function of the collected integrated charge.

The plots are an update for approved plots in this link

https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CMSPublic/RPCLongHF2019

Figures:

dark1a.png Figure shows the dark current density measured for RE2/2 chamber at different values of collected integrated charge. The plot shows a stable dark current in time and after collecting 650 mC/cm^2.

pdf file

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

dark2a.png dark3a.png Figures show the dark currents monitoring of both RE2/2 irradiated and reference chambers, as a function of the integrated charge. The dark current measured at 6.5 kV (left), which represent the ohmic contribution, and at 9.6 kV (right), which also includes the gas amplification. The dark current is almost stable in time after collecting 650 mC/cm^2.

pdf file left

pdf file right

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

dark4a.png This figure shows the average noise rate at 9.6 kV , monitored as a function of the integrated charge for both the RE2/2 irradiated and reference chamber. The noise rate is stable in time and after collecting 650 mC/cm^2.

pdf file

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

dark5a.png
  • This figure shows the current and rate ratios of the irradiated and the reference chambers with the presence of background radiation as a function of the integrated charge.
  • A decreasing trend at the beginning of the irradiation period, up to ≈ 300 mC/cm^2, when the operating conditions, in terms of gas flow rate and relative gas humidity (RH), were too low with respect to the high gamma background rate. These operating conditions leads to resistivity increase, which caused the observed rate and current decrease.
  • The current and rate ratio become almost stable after running with gas humidity 60 % and 3 gas volume exchange per hour.

pdf file

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

dark6a.png
  • This figure shows the resistivity ratio , and the current ratio , between irradiated and reference chamber.
  • A small increase in resistivity induced by the radiation in the irradiated chamber was observed in the first irradiation period, up to 300 mC/cm2, when the detectors operated in similar conditions as in CMS.
  • These operating conditions were optimized for CMS, but they are not optimal with respect to the high gamma background rate (600 Hz/cm2) at GIF++. Therefore, these conditions lead to a drying up of the plates with the consequent resistivity increase, which is also confirmed by the currents.
  • At 300 mC/cm^2, the relative gas humidity was increased and maintained at 60%, and the gas flow was increased in the irradiated chambers at three gas volume exchanges per hour. The combinations of these effects allowed to reduce the resistivity and mitigate the variations, proving that the resistivity increase depends on the operating conditions and it is a recoverable effect.

pdf file

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

INFN-iRPC prototype - graphite test results and 2D measurements (Nicolas Zaganidis, Jan Eysermans)

Presented on General Muon Meeting (GMM) on 27 January 2020. Slides

Introduction

  • CMS iRPC 1.4 mm bakelite+gap thickness tested with INFN Tor Vergata electronics
  • Previous results already approved: See GMM 01/07/2019 (https://indico.cern.ch/event/806756/, “RPC Backup Validation prototype”)
  • Electronics described in the previous presentation

Muon efficiency: high resistivity graphite

grap1.png Shown the muon efficiency for the high resistivity graphite region, as function of high voltage. The working point is defined by fitting the efficiency curve with the following sigmoid formula:

sig1.png

The working point voltage is then defined as WP = ln(19)/λ + HV(50%) + 150 V

A working point of 6.82 kV is obtained with an efficiency of 99.1 %.

pdf file

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon efficiency: low resistivity graphite

grap2.png Shown the muon efficiency for the low resistivity graphite region, as function of high voltage. The working point is defined by fitting the efficiency curve with the following sigmoid formula:

sig1.png

The working point voltage is then defined as WP = ln(19)/λ + HV(50%) + 150 V

A working point of 6.89 kV is obtained with an efficiency of 97.3 %.

pdf file

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon cluster size: high resistivity graphite

grap3.png Shown the muon cluster size as function of high voltage, for the high resistivity graphite region. At working point, typically 4.9 strips are fired. Muon clusters are formed when adjacent strips within a time interval of 10 ns are fired. The error on the cluster size is estimated by altering the time interval with 10 +/- 4 ns. The defined error becomes larger at higher voltages as more streamers are present at higher voltages, leading to more muon clusters due to separated fired strips in time.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon cluster size: low resistivity graphite

grap4.png Shown the muon cluster size as function of high voltage, for the low resistivity graphite region. At working point, typically 5.9 strips are fired. Muon clusters are formed when adjacent strips within a time interval of 10 ns are fired. The error on the cluster size is estimated by altering the time interval with 10 +/- 4 ns. The defined error becomes larger at higher voltages as more streamers are present at higher voltages, leading to more muon clusters due to separated fired strips in time.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon cluster size distribution

grap5.png Shown the muon cluster size distribution at a fixed high voltage of 6800 V, close to the working point. Compared to the low graphite resistivity, the high resistivity graphite region exhibit narrower distribution (RMS from 2.33 to 1.66), shifted towards a lower cluster size (from 5.40 to 4.75). This effect is ascribed due to the difference in graphite resistivity, directly influencing cluster size through cross talk by the capacitive coupling of the strips. This behavior was also confirmed using analog pre-amplifiers.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon efficiency: longitudinal direction (x)

efi1.png Shown the muon efficiency for the longitudinal strips as function of high voltage. The working point is defined by fitting the efficiency curve with the following sigmoid formula:

sig1.png

The working point voltage is then defined as WP = ln(19)/λ + HV(50%) + 150 V

A working point of 7.1 kV is measured with an efficiency of 98.7 %. The WP is slightly higher than the expected WP for a 1.4 mm chamber, as the measurement is performed at the high radius at a long distance from the electronics (~ 1.5 m), causing a small signal propagation loss along the strip.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon efficiency: orthogonal direction (y)

efi3.png Shown the muon efficiency for the orthogonal strips as function of high voltage. The working point is defined by fitting the efficiency curve with the following sigmoid formula:

sig1.png

The working point voltage is then defined as WP = ln(19)/λ + HV(50%) + 150 V

A working point of 7.2 kV is measured with an efficiency of 97.1 %. A higher WP is expected as the orthogonal strips are on the outer plane of the double gap, therefore sensitive to the induction of charges in one gap. Hence the orthogonal strips are effectively in single gap mode.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon efficiency: combined efficiencies

efi4.png Shown the combined muon efficiency curves for the longitudinal (blue), orthogonal (red) and combined AND efficiency (black).

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon cluster size: longitudinal direction (x)

clu1.png Shown the muon cluster size as function of high voltage, for the longitudinal direction, measured in the high radius region where the strip pitch is around 0.5 cm. Muon clusters are formed when adjacent strips within a time interval of 10 ns are fired. The error on the cluster size is estimated by altering the time interval with 10 +/- 4 ns. The defined error becomes larger at higher voltages as more streamers are present at higher voltages, leading to more muon clusters due to separated fired strips in time.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Muon cluster size: orthogonal direction (y)

clu2.png Shown the muon cluster size as function of high voltage, for the orthogonal direction. The strip pitch is 5 cm. Muon clusters are formed when adjacent strips within a time interval of 10 ns are fired. The error on the cluster size is estimated by altering the time interval with 10 +/- 4 ns. At the working point, on average 2 strips are fired due to cross-talk between both strips. The defined error becomes larger at higher voltages as more streamers are present at higher voltages, leading to more muon clusters due to separated fired strips in time.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

iRPC tests (Shchablo Konstantin)

Presented on General Muon Meeting (GMM) on 27 January 2020. Slides

Efficiency HR&LR (FEBv1.1b:iRETUR) GIF++ (COSMIC904)

irpc1.png This plot shows s-curves with dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) and Total Current for the second version of FEB with PETIROC2B (FEBv1b). Also, this slide showing the mean value of multiplicity for each side. AND efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Data was taking during cosmic tests (September-November 2019). Scintillators placed in the LR of the chamber and covered about ~20cm.

HR: 500-480=20DACu. (88±10fC)

LR: 500-480=20DACu (88±10fC)

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

irpc2.png This plot shows s-curves with dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) and Total Current for the second version of FEB with PETIROC2B (FEBv1b). Also, this slide showing the mean value of multiplicity for each side. AND efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Data was taking during cosmic tests (September-November 2019). Scintillators placed in the HR of the chamber and covered about ~20cm.

HR: 500-480=20DACu. (88±10fC)

LR: 500-480=20DACu (88±10fC)

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

irpc3.png This plot shows s-curves with dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) and Total Current for the second version of FEB with PETIROC2B (FEBv1b). Also, this slide showing the mean value of multiplicity for each side. AND efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Data was taking during cosmic tests (September-November 2019). Scintillators placed in the HR of the chamber and covered about ~20cm.

HR: 500-480=20DACu. (50±10fC)

LR: 500-480=20DACu (50±10fC)

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

irpc4.png This plot shows s-curves with dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) and Total Current for the second version of FEB with PETIROC2B (FEBv1b). Also, this slide showing the mean value of multiplicity for each side. AND efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Data was taking during cosmic tests (September-November 2019). Scintillators placed in the HR of the chamber and covered about ~20cm. High level of cross-talk effect.

HR: 500-480=20DACu. (26±10fC)

LR: 500-480=20DACu (26±10fC)

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Cluster rate & Current vs 1/ATT

irpc5.png

This plot shows the measured cluster rate (left y-axis) and the total current of GAPs (right y-axis) versus 1/ATT (ATT - Attenuation factor for gamma source). In addition, We plot linear fit function for cluster rate vs 1/ATT.

Data for this plot was taking in GIF++ during September-November 2019 with RETURN iRPC prototype equipped with Cyclone 5 and PETIRC2B (FEBv1b).

Triggers system includes 3 protected scintillators inside the bunker.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Cluster rate & efficiency and WP

irpc6.png

This plot shows dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus cluster rate (left y-axis). Efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Second set of point (right y-axis) present WP vs cluster rate.

Data for this plot was taking in GIF++ during September-November 2019 with RETURN iRPC prototype equipped with Cyclone 5 and PETIRC2B (FEBv1b).

Triggers system includes 3 protected scintillators inside the bunker.

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (Y-axis, right)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Efficiency HR&LR (FEBv1.1b:iRETUR) GIF++ (ATT=46000)

irpc7.png This plot shows s-curves with dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) and Total Current for the second version of FEB with PETIROC2B (FEBv1b). Also, this slide showing the mean value of multiplicity for each side. AND efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Data was taking during GIF++ (ATT=46000) cosmic tests (September-November 2019). Scintillators placed in the HR of the chamber and covered about ~20cm. This setup includes three protected with leads scintillators inside GIF++ (without outside scintillators)

HR: 500-480=20DACu. (50±10fC)

LR: 500-480=20DACu (50±10fC)

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Efficiency HR&LR (FEBv1.1b:iRETUR) GIF++ (ATT=4.6)

irpc8.png This plot shows s-curves with dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) for the second version of FEB with PETIROC2B (FEBv1b). Also, this slide showing the mean value of multiplicity for each side. AND efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Data was taking during GIF++ (ATT=4.6) cosmic tests (September-November 2019). Scintillators placed in the HR of the chamber and covered about ~20cm. This setup includes three protected with leads scintillators inside GIF++ (without outside scintillators)

HR: 500-480=20DACu. (50±10fC)

LR: 500-480=20DACu (50±10fC)

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Efficiency HR&LR (FEBv1.1b:iRETUR) GIF++ (ATT=3.3)

irpc9.png   This plot shows s-curves with dependencies of Muon Efficiency versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) for the second version of FEB with PETIROC2B (FEBv1b). Also, this slide showing the mean value of multiplicity for each side. AND efficiency showing without crosstalk impact. Data was taking during GIF++ (ATT=3.3) cosmic tests (September-November 2019). Scintillators placed in the HR of the chamber and covered about ~20cm. This setup includes three protected with leads scintillators inside GIF++ (without outside scintillators)

HR: 500-480=20DACu. (50±10fC)

LR: 500-480=20DACu (50±10fC)

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Noise of chamber (AND)

noi1.png This plot show dependencies of noise of detector per stripversus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) for FEBv1A48R. Data was taking during COSMIC904 tests (May 2019).

Strips (X-axis)

The strip of PCB. PCB has 48 strips have surface 137 cm^2.

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (Y-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

RATE (Z-axis)

Rate take in account hits from both ends of the chamber. This gives the real background of chamber at given HV.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Noise of chamber (HR)

noi2.png This plot show dependencies of noise of detector per stripversus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) for FEBv1A48R. Data was taking during COSMIC904 tests (May 2019).

Strips (X-axis)

The strip of PCB. PCB has 48 strips have surface 137 cm^2.

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (Y-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

RATE (Z-axis)

Rate take in account hits from both ends of the chamber. This gives the real background of chamber at given HV.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Noise of chamber (LR)

noi3.png This plot show dependencies of noise of detector per stripversus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) for FEBv1A48R. Data was taking during COSMIC904 tests (May 2019).

Strips (X-axis)

The strip of PCB. PCB has 48 strips have surface 137 cm^2.

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (Y-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

RATE (Z-axis)

Rate take in account hits from both ends of the chamber. This gives the real background of chamber at given HV.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Noise of chamber

noi4.png This plot show dependencies of noise and dark current of gaps versus High Voltage Effective (HVeff) for FEBv1B48R. Data was taking during GIF++ tests (October 2019).

Strips (Y-axis)

Dark current of gaps or hit rate per cm^2.

HIGH VOLTAGE EFFECTIVE (X-axis)

Effective HV takes into account the change in pressure and temperature with respect to an HV reference value V0 at given pressure P0 and temperature T0.

heff1.png

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

RPC New Link System (Behzad Boghrati)

Presented on General Muon Meeting (GMM) on 27 January 2020. Slides

High speed data transmission Performance @ 10.24 Gbps

new1.png

Conceptually, we want the eye to be as “open” as possible, as a larger eye opening implies that we have more margin to the voltage and timing requirements.

The eye must be wide enough to provide adequate time to satisfy the setup and hold requirement of the receiver, and have sufficient height to ensure that the voltage levels meet vih and vil requirements in a system that may possess multiple sources of noise.

This allows the receiver to resolve the input signals successfully into digital values.

BER : Bit Error Rate (Number of error per total number of transmitted bits during the specific time)

pdf file upper

pdf file down

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch
new2.png

Time to Digital converter (TDC) 1.56 ns Ideal Bin Width vs Real Bin Width

new3.png
  • One of the main goal of Upgrade Phase-II of Link system is to improve the time resolution of muon hit time
  • In legacy system, muon hit time was measured with resolution of 25ns
  • In upgrade system, muon hit time is measured with resolution of 1.56 ns
  • The Time to Digital converter (TDC) is used for measuring the Muon hit time by dividing one bunch crossing to 16 equal bins and checking in which bin the rising edge of RPC signal will fit
  • All TDC Bins should be the same size
  • The new version of TDC is implemented into the Kintex FPGA
  • In this plot you can see the ideal (expected) bin size versus what we have after post-implementation of TDC inside the FPGA with 4 digit of precision which satisfy the time resolution of 1.56 ns

pdf file

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Radiation Consideration

link1.png

According to the Fluka simulation, the total irradiation dose (TID) in the balcony will be 0.001-10 Gy @ 3000fb^-1, the neutron flux will be 1x10^4 cm^-2s^-1 @5 x 10^34 cm^-2s^-1  and the Neutron Fluence for 10 years of operation of the HL-LHC will be 1x10^12 cm-2.

The new Link board components has been chosen from Commercial of the shelf (COTS) which are validated for radiation at the level of 300 Gy and Maximum tolerable TID of KINTEX-7 (XC7K160T) is 3400-4500 Gy.

Based on our estimation, the Scrub Rate of entire FPGA will take for (Real time SEU detection and Correction) about 13ms. The Single Event upset (SEU) rate on configuration memory is one SEU every 413 second and 1 SEU every 1695 second at Block RAM. In addition the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) and Configuration Scrubbing has been used in developing the firmware which mitigate the SEUs.

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch
link2.png

Back-End Electronics (BEE) system of iRPC (Zhen-An Liu, Jingzhou Zhao, Pengcheng Cao)

Presented on General Muon Meeting (GMM) on 22 June 2020. Slides

Introduction

This is to check and verify the functionalities of Back-End Electronics (BEE) system of iRPC (improved Resistive Plate Chamber) detector by joint testing with a 2 dimentional iRPC prototype equipped with INFN Rome Tor Vergata ASIC Front-End Electronics(FEE, a backup solution), including the GBT protocol, fast control, slow control data packing and storage. One test result is the detector efficiency measurement with HV scanning which is in good agreement with the result by another CAEN based test system[1], another is the delay measurement by different delay settings in slow control configuration.

[1] Sabino Meola, etc, on behalf of the CMS Collaboration. "Towards a two-dimensional readout of the improved CMS Resistive Plate Chamber with a new front-end electronics". arXiv:2006.00576. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.00576

Muon efficiency with fitted parameters obtained by high voltage scan. Left is for longitudinal strips and right is for orthogonal strips.

bee1.png bee2.png Shows the muon efficiency for longitudinal (left) and orthogonal (right) strips. For longitudinal strips, a working point of 7074V is measured with an efficiency of 97.7 % and for orthogonal strips the working point of 7223V is measured with an efficiency of 96.0 %. The result is in accordance with the previous CAEN TDC readout, indicating the reliability of BEE readout.

pdf file left

pdf file right

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

Successful slow control with delay adjustment.

bee3.png bee4.png The delay between trigger and strip signal is studied. For the left plot, the fitted delay agrees with the setting value of 22.5ns. For the right plot, the fitted delay agrees with the different setting of 47.5ns. Timing profile is shifting as desired, indicating the delay is adjustable by BEE slow controller.

pdf file left

pdf file right

Contact: cms-dpg-conveners-rpc@SPAMNOTcern.ch

-- AndresCabrera - 2020-11-01

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PNGpng irpc3.png r1 manage 119.9 K 2020-11-02 - 01:50 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng irpc4.png r1 manage 122.6 K 2020-11-02 - 01:50 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng irpc5.png r1 manage 131.4 K 2020-11-02 - 01:50 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng irpc6.png r1 manage 82.2 K 2020-11-02 - 01:50 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng irpc7.png r1 manage 110.2 K 2020-11-02 - 01:50 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng irpc8.png r1 manage 115.2 K 2020-11-02 - 01:50 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng irpc9.png r1 manage 120.9 K 2020-11-02 - 01:50 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng link1.png r1 manage 232.6 K 2020-11-02 - 00:52 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng link2.png r1 manage 154.7 K 2020-11-02 - 00:52 AndresCabrera  
PDFpdf new1.pdf r1 manage 107.8 K 2020-11-02 - 01:15 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng new1.png r1 manage 597.7 K 2020-11-02 - 01:15 AndresCabrera  
PDFpdf new2.pdf r1 manage 293.2 K 2020-11-02 - 01:15 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng new2.png r1 manage 1170.1 K 2020-11-02 - 01:15 AndresCabrera  
PDFpdf new3.pdf r1 manage 93.6 K 2020-11-02 - 01:15 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng new3.png r1 manage 289.2 K 2020-11-02 - 01:14 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng noi1.png r1 manage 294.0 K 2020-11-02 - 01:49 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng noi2.png r1 manage 304.6 K 2020-11-02 - 01:49 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng noi3.png r1 manage 295.6 K 2020-11-02 - 01:49 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng noi4.png r1 manage 102.3 K 2020-11-02 - 01:49 AndresCabrera  
PNGpng sig1.png r1 manage 66.5 K 2020-11-01 - 22:27 AndresCabrera  
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Topic revision: r4 - 2020-11-02 - AndresCabrera
 
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