Giulio's Notes

  • Basic Shell Commands
  • SERVERS
  • lxplus folder permission
  • Personal Webpage
  • Give permissions to other users
  • PyRoot
  • Load a macro from C
  • Array in PyRoot
  • Canvas in CMS style
  • Two Line Of Pearl
  • Nadezda's teaching
  • Combine
  • Edit Analysis Notes
  • Notes SVN
  • Notes git
  • ROOT
  • CMSSW
  • Heppy
  • Batch System Pisa
  • CRAB
  • DAS
  • GIT
  • VI
  • Helpful links

    • Basic Shell Commands

    Some Shell Commands are here (italian page)
    The ones I use most are
    Command what it does
    Ctrl^T open a new terminal window
    Ctrl^d close the terminal window
    ls list objects in the current directory
    ls -a list olso hidden objects
    ls -lh list object and show their size
    ls -l file.txt show mode of file.txt
    ls -ltra file*.root show all the file file*.txt with options l, t, r, and a
    ls -d path/*/ show all the folders without showing their contents
    cd name call directory "name"
    cd .. call the previous directory
    rm name throw the file "name"
    mkdir name make a directory with name "name"
    rmdir name remove directory
    rm -r name remove directory and all its content
    chmod 7777 name change mode
    pwd show the present directory
    gedit example & keep line command on shell free
    ... > file.txt put the output in a new file, name it file.txt
    ... | grep BUG show only the lines containing the word "BUG"
    grep BUG file.txt show only the lines containing the word "BUG" in file.txt
    ... | grep -v BUG show only the lines not containing the word "BUG"
    ... | grep BUG -a100 show only the lines containing the word "BUG" and 99 lines after that one
    ... | grep BUG -b100 show only the lines containing the word "BUG" and 99 lines before that one
    cat file show as output the file "file"
    sdiff file1 file2 | tail -n 50 place side by side the two files
    clear clean the shell
    On Linux Systems: ALT Gr + ì = ~

    Killing programms

    Command what it does
    jobs show programs in background
    kill %n terminate n-th program in background
    kill gdb terminate all program in background named gdb
    kill -9 gdb  
    killall gdb terminate all program in background named gdb
    killall -9 gdb  
    killall -9 -user yourUsername kill all the running programms and log out
    ps -ux show all my running programms in all the machines
    ps -aux show all running programms in all the machines

    SERVERS

    How to enter in lxplus 

    ssh -XY gimandor@lxplus.cern.ch
    (Crtl^D or exit to logout)

    How to enter in galilinux 

    ssh -XY mandorli@galilinux.pi.infn.it

    How to enter in gridui

    ssh -XY mandorli@gridui1NOSPAMPLEASE.pi.infn.it
    ssh -XY mandorli@gridui2NOSPAMPLEASE.pi.infn.it

    Type in
    • source /afs/pi.infn.it/grid_exp_sw/cms/scripts/setcms.(c)sh
    • setenv SCRAM_ARCH slc6_amd64_gcc492

    How to enter in cmsanalysis

    Type in 
    ssh -f -N -XY -L2223:cmsanalysis:22 mandorli@galilinux.pi.infn.it 
ssh -XY mandorli@localhost -p2223
    Or 
    ssh -XY mandorli@galilinux.pi.infn.it 
ssh -XY mandorli@cmsanalysis.pi.infn.it
    For SL6: 
    ssh -p 2206 mandorli@cmsanalysis.pi.infn.it

    Change architecture

    setenv SCRAM_ARCH slc6_amd64_gcc491
    export SCRAM_ARCH=slc6_amd64_gcc491

    How to enter office computer from home

    TO DO ONE TIME Install sshd 
    sudo apt install openssh-server
    Look inet address with "ifconfig": 
    indirizzo inet:X.X.X.X  .........
    Look the pc name 
    pc-cms2@pc-cms2:~$ nslookup X.X.X.X
name = pccms62.pi.infn.it.

    TO ACCESS 

    ssh mandorli@galilinux.pi.infn.it
ssh pc-cms2@pccms62.pi.infn.it

    CMSSW release

    Command what it does
    scram list list the releases you can download
    cmsrel CMSSW_8_X_X download the release on your directory

    compile and execute

    Command what it does
    cmsenv use cms environment
    scram b compile. Do it in src
    scram b -j8 compiles with 8 cores
    cmsRun cfg.py execute the configuration file
    cmsRun cfg.py >& logFile.txt & execute the configuration file and put the output in logFile
    python file.py execute the python file

    Other commands

    Command what it does
    xrdcp root://cms-xrd-global.cern.ch//store/mc/*/*/MINIAODSIM/*/*/*.root . copy locally that root file
    root://xrootd-cms.infn.it//store/...... string to use if you want to read from DAS
    hadd merged.root /gpfs/ddn/srm/cms/store/user/gimandor/fileNamePt*to*.root merge that files ina new file named merged.root
    hadd out.root `ls *.root | grep -v badFile1.root | grep -v badFile2.root ` merge that files except for badFile1 and badFile2
    top show the status of the cores
    scp *.png gimandor@lxplusNOSPAMPLEASE.cern.ch:/afs/cern.ch/user/g/gimandor/www/prova copy that png in my page on lxplus: http://gimandor.web.cern.ch/gimandor/
    df -h . show the memory you have
    du -h . disk usage. It shows also files in subdirectories
    du -h --max-depth=1 show the disk usage of only that folder

    Coping in and out your PC

    In order to copy some files in your pc, use

    Screen Session

    Command what it does
    screen open a new screen session
    Ctrl^a d exit from the screen view but keep it to work
    screen -r enter again in the screen session
    exit close the screen session

    Server Analysis

    X Section
    Using brilcalc
    Only on lxplus: 
    export PATH=$HOME/.local/bin:/afs/cern.ch/cms/lumi/brilconda-1.0.3/bin:$PATH
 brilcalc lumi -i Cert_yourCertificateName_JSON_v2.txt  -u /pb  --hltpath="HLT_PFJet200_v*"
    This twiki page explai carefully how to use brilcalc https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CMS/BrilcalcQuickStart
    Using GenXSecAnalyzer.cc
    https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/CMS/HowToGenXSecAnalyzer explains how to do it <\br><\br> Otherwise you can use the analyzer: https://github.com/cms-sw/cmssw/blob/master/GeneratorInterface/Core/plugins/GenXSecAnalyzer.cc 
    git cms-addpkg GeneratorInterface/Core
    Make and run a config file like this:
    config file Hide config file 
    import FWCore.ParameterSet.Config as cms

process = cms.Process("GenFilterEfficiency")

process.load("FWCore.MessageLogger.MessageLogger_cfi")

process.maxEvents = cms.untracked.PSet(
    input = cms.untracked.int32(-1)
)

process.source = cms.Source("PoolSource",
    fileNames = cms.untracked.vstring('/store/mc/RunIISummer16MiniAODv2/DYJetsToLL_M-105To160_TuneCUETP8M1_13TeV-amcatnloFXFX-pythia8/MINIAODSIM/PUMoriond17_80X_mcRun2_asymptotic_2016_TrancheIV_v6-v1/00000/04D2221B-44B4-E711-8C81-FA163E1F2E98.root')
)


process.genXSecAnalyzer = cms.EDAnalyzer('GenXSecAnalyzer',
)

process.p = cms.Path(process.genXSecAnalyzer)

    Lxplus folder permission

    Personal Webpage

    Permission: 
    fs setacl webDirectoryRoot webserver:afs read
afind webDirectoryRoot -t d -e "fs setacl -dir {} -acl webserver:afs read"
    example path: 
    /afs/cern.ch/user/<letter>/<account>/www

    Give permissions to other users

    Permission: 
    fs listacl                           # enlist all the permission of all the users
fs setacl <directory> <username> <perms>
fs setacl directoryName lgianninni rw

    PyRoot

    There is an example of macro.C here

    Load a macro from C 

    import ROOT
ROOT.gInterpreter.ProcessLine( 'TFile *f = TFile::Open("file.root")')
ROOT.gInterpreter.ProcessLine( 'TH1D *histo = (TH1D*)f->Get("histoName")')
ROOT.gInterpreter.ProcessLine('.L macro.C')

    Array in PyRoot 

    from ROOT import *
from array import array
bin = [1,2,3,4,5]
histo= TH1D("histo", "histoTitle", len(binX)-1, array('d',binX))         #'d' stay for 'double'

    Canvas in CMS style 

    import ROOT
ROOT.gInterpreter.ProcessLine('.L itIsNI.C')
gROOT.LoadMacro("tdrstyleTrigger.C")
setTDRStyle()
gROOT.LoadMacro("CMS_lumi.C")
gROOT.ProcessLine('lumi_7TeV="13 TeV, 3.1 fb^{-1}"')
gROOT.ProcessLine('extraText   = "Simulation"')

CMS_lumi(canv)

    Two Line Of Pearl

    Introduce the variable 'event' and set it equal to the ninth element of the line when the eighth is 'Event'. the print event each line 
    cat log | awk '{if($8=="Event") { event=$9;} if($1=="stampaDentro") {print event" "$0; }}' > ratioPlots/temp.txt

    print the first element minus 31303000 at the beginning of each line 

    cat new_200.txt | awk '{print $1-31303000" "$0}' > new_200_v2.txt

    Nadezda's teaching

    Mount EOS ("eos" is the name of the folder, it could be anyone) 
    eosmount eos
    Compile the code 
    g++ plotter_vbfzll.C -g -o plot `root-config --cflags --glibs`  -lMLP -lXMLIO -lTMVA
g++ ./plotter_vbfzll.C LWTNN/src/parse_json.cc -g -o plot `root-config --cflags --glibs`   -lMLP -lXMLIO -lTMVA -I/cvmfs/cms.cern.ch/slc6_amd64_gcc530/external/boost/1.57.0-ikhhed2/include -L/cvmfs/cms.cern.ch/slc6_amd64_gcc530/external/boost/1.57.0-ikhhed2/lib -lboost_thread
    Execute the code 
    ./plot /afs/cern.ch/user/g/gimandor/private/eos/cms/store/group/phys_higgs/vbfHbb/VBFllskim/DYJetstoLL_amc_0J_v25_reskim.root DYJetstoLL_amc_0J mu  0 0 nom 0 nom  v25 test .
    or 
    source run_all.sh
    Compile the code for plots 
    g++ analyzer_order_trig_stack_pas.cpp -I`root-config --incdir` `root-config --libs` -std=c++0x -o nopas
    Execute the code for plots 
    ./nopas 0

    Some combine commands

    Command what it does
    -S 0 run without including systemetics
    -t -1 does not look at data. Show only expected results

    Option ProfileLikelihood has been substituted with Significance in new version of combine, and MaxLikelihoodFit with FitDiagnostics. 

    combine -M ProfileLikelihood --significance dataCard.txt  -t -1 --expectSignal=1  #old version
combine -M Significance --significance dataCard.txt  -t -1 --expectSignal=1
combine -M MaxLikelihoodFit   --preFitValue=1.0 --robustFit=1  dataCard.txt -n _mu  -t -1 --expectSignal=1 


combine -M Asymptotic --run expected -v 2 dataCard.txt --rMin=-10 --rMax=10
#combine -M Asymptotic -t -1 --expectSignal=1  -n _mu $datacard     #shows the data limit
combine -M Asymptotic --run expected dataCard.txt --rMin=-10 --rMax=10
combine -M ProfileLikelihood  --X-rtd FITTER_NEW_CROSSING_ALGO  --X-rtd FITTER_NEVER_GIVE_UP  --significance -t -1 --expectSignal=1

combine -M ProfileLikelihood dataCard.txt --X-rtd FITTER_NEW_CROSSING_ALGO  --X-rtd FITTER_NEVER_GIVE_UP  --significance -t -1 --expectSignal=1 -S 0
    If you want to merge two signal sources (see here) 
    text2workspace.py -P HiggsAnalysis.CombinedLimit.PhysicsModel:multiSignalModel  --PO verbose --PO 'map=.*/VBF_HToMuMu:r[1.,-10.,10.]' --PO 'map=.*/GluGlu_HToMuMu:r[1.,-10.,10.]'  dataCard.txt -o generated_File_Name.root

    Combine 

    text2workspace.py -P HiggsAnalysis.CombinedLimit.PhysicsModel:multiSignalModel  --PO verbose --PO 'map=.*/VBF_HToMuMu:r[1.,-10.,10.]' --PO 'map=.*/GluGlu_HToMuMu:r[1.,-10.,10.]'  dataCard.txt
combine -M Significance --significance dataCard.root  -t -1 --expectSignal=1 
combine -M Significance --significance dataCard.root  -t -1 --expectSignal=1 --toysFrequentist
combine -M AsymptoticLimits --run expected dataCard.root --rMin=-10 --rMax=10 -t -1
combine -M FitDiagnostics --expectSignal=1 -t -1 dataCard.root

    ImpactPlot

    You can find impact plot in the guide here 
    text2workspace.py -P HiggsAnalysis.CombinedLimit.PhysicsModel:multiSignalModel  --PO verbose --PO 'map=.*/VBF_HToMuMu:r[1.,-10.,10.]' --PO 'map=.*/GluGlu_HToMuMu:r[1.,-10.,10.]'  dataCard.txt 
combineTool.py -M Impacts -d dataCard.root -m 125 --doInitialFit --robustFit 1 -t -1
combineTool.py -M Impacts -d dataCard.root -m 125 --robustFit 1 --doFits  -t -1    # you can add  --parallel X to run it faster
combineTool.py -M Impacts -d dataCard.root -m 125 -o impacts.json -t -1
plotImpacts.py -i impacts.json -o impacts
    Run impacts after setting datacard name: 
    combineCards.py datacard1.txt datacard2.txt >> datacard.txt
DC=datacard
text2workspace.py $DC.txt
DC=$DC.root
combineTool.py -M Impacts -d $DC -m 125 --doInitialFit --robustFit 1 -t -1
combineTool.py -M Impacts -d $DC -m 125 --robustFit 1 --doFits  -t -1    --parallel 16
combineTool.py -M Impacts -d $DC -m 125 -o impacts.json -t -1
plotImpacts.py -i impacts.json -o impacts

    Edit Analysis Notes

    Notes SVN 

    # SVN UPDATE AN

svn co -N svn+ssh://svn.cern.ch/reps/tdr2 AN
cd AN
svn update utils
svn update -N notes
cd notes
svn update AN-17-234 # (update with the number of the AN you want) 

# TO BUILD PDF

eval `./tdr runtime -sh`  #or csh
tdr --style AN --nodraft b AN-17-234.tex  /trunk
#or tdr --style=an b AN-17-234.tex  /trunk
#or tdr --style PAS --nodraft b HIG-14-013.tex  /trunk

# results are in tmp/ 

# TO ADD FILE 
# (please create a directory for Figures)

svn add namefile #(even " *" works)

# TO PUSH A MODIFICATION to push a modification 

svn commit -m "update of ..."  namefile #( " *" works)

    Notes git

    Use this page for reference. To compile 
    eval `utils/tdr runtime -sh`
tdr  --style=an  --temp_dir=../tmp b
    To push in the repository 
    git add .                           # add all files modified in current directory
git commit -m "add my new changes"  # to stage your changes
git push                            # to send them back to the repo

    ROOT

    There is an example of macro.C here. In order to compile the code with g++ (there has to be the main) you have to add the right libreries as in this example: 
    g++ macroJetIM.C -g -o macro `root-config --cflags --glibs` -lMLP -lXMLIO

    Basic Commands

    Basics

    Command what it does
    .x macro.C execute macro.C
    .L macro.C load all the functions in macro.C
    TBrowser b open the ROOT window
    .q quit ROOT
    hadd merged.root /gpfs/ddn/srm/cms/store/user/gimandor/nomeCartella/*/*/*/*/*.root merging some root file in one other named merge.root, it has to be done on the shell, not in ROOT

    NTuple from a text file

    If you want to select and cut some raws: 

    cat log | grep ratio_ | perl -pe 's/ratio_._.//g' > new.txt
    To make the NTuple 
    TNtuple a("a","a","i:j:trueElement:meanElement:ratio:pt:eta:hitNumber:pixelHit:innerHit:outerHit") 
a.ReadFile("new.txt") 
a.Draw("trueElement", "ratio > 1")

    Open and close root files

    Command what it does
    TFile* f = TFile::Open("plot.root") Open plot.root and f point to it
    TFile* f = new TFile("plot.root") make the pointer f to the root file, without open it
    TFile f ("file.root") Open "file.root" to read
    TFile f ("file.root", "recreate") to overwrite
    TFile f ("file.root", "update") to append
    f->Close() close the file f

    Directory managment

    Command what it does
    f->mkdir("my_dir") make a new directory named "new_dir"
    f->cd() change directory between open ones
    f->cd("my_dir") call directory "my_dir"
    f->ls() to see objects in f
    gDirectory->pwd() show the current path
    gROOT->Reset() close every file open and reset the variable to 0

    Read and write TVector

    Writing in pyRoot 

    f= TFile("ROOT/test.root", "recreate")
f.cd()
variable  =TParameter(float)("variableName", 4.)

varVec = TVector (2)
varVec = -3.
varVec = 4.

variable.Write()
varVec.Write("varVecName")
f.Close()

    Reading in C++ 

    ((TParameter<float>*) f->Get("variableName"))->GetVal()
TVector *vectorToRead = (TVector*)f->Get("folder/varVecName")
( (*vectorToRead) )[0]
( (*vectorToRead) )[1]

    TTree

    Command what it does
    TTree tree("name_tree", "tree_title") make a TTree. Usually "tree_name" and the TTre neme ("tree" in this case) are put the same
    TTree * my_tree; f->GetObject("tree_name", my_tree) make the TTree pointer "my_tree" point to the TTree "tree_name" in the file f
    tree.Print() show Branchs and number of entries
    tree.Fill() memorize the vatiables in the Tree
    tree.Scan("*") show all leaves in colomn, if you don't put "*" it show only 8 branches
    tree.Scan("leaf_list1:leaf_list2") show the list of the leaves
    tree.Draw("variable_name") Draw the variable
    tree.Write() save the Tree in the open file root
    tree.StartViewer() open the root windows whit only the tree

    Other Tree Commands
    Command what it does
    tree.SetMaxTreeSize() Set an upper limit on the tree memory
    tree.AddFriend("tree_name", "root_file_name") make the tree "tree_name" in root_file_name became friend of tree. It memorize the entries of tree_name
    tree.GetEntry(n) variable_name = (n+1)-th leaf in the branch
    tree.GetEntries() it is the number of entries in the Tree
    tree.MakeCode("name_code_file.C") make a file named "name_code_file.C" that read the tree variables
    tree.MakeClass("CLASS_file_name") make two files: "CLASS_file_name.C" and "CLASS_file_name.h". If execute it, it make a new class initializated with the branch, variable and the values of the tree
    tree.GetListOfLeaves()->Print() show the list of leaves of all branches

    Generating random numbers 
    gRandom->Exp(tau)
gRandom->Integer(imax)
gRandom->Gaus(mean,sigma)
gRandom->Rndm()                      //uniform in (0,1]
gRandom->Uniform(x1)                 //uniform in (0,x1]
gRandom->Landau(mpv,sigma)
gRandom->Poisson(mean)
gRandom->Binomial(ntot,prob)

    python code Hide python code 
    gRandom.Exp(tau)
gRandom.Integer(imax)
gRandom.Gaus(mean,sigma)
gRandom.Rndm()                      #uniform in (0,1]
gRandom.Uniform(x1)                 #uniform in (0,x1]
gRandom.Landau(mpv,sigma)
gRandom.Poisson(mean)
gRandom.Binomial(ntot,prob)

    TBranch

    Command what it does
    tree.Branch("name_branch", &address_variable, "name_leaf_list") make a TBranch
    tree.SetBranchAddress("branch_name", &variable_name ) Opposite of Fill: link the leaves in the branch with the variable "variable_name"
    TBranch * tb = tree.GetBranch("Branch_name") Like GetObject but with the Branch
    tb->GetAddress(&struct_name) Like SetBranchAddress but fot structs or classes 

    float muon_pt = 10.;
tree.Branch("muon_pt", &muon_pt, "momentum of the muon/F")  // float

std::vector<float> jet_pt;
tree.Branch("jet_pt", jet_pt)  // vector

float jet_pt[30] = {10, 5, 3};
tree.Branch("jet_pt", &jet_pt, "momentum of the jets[30]/F")  // array

    python code Hide python code 
    # nanoAOD postprocessor
        self.out.branch("qqMass",  "F");
        self.out.branch("Jet_VBFselected", "F", 1, "nJet");

    TChain

    Command what it does
    TChain chain ("Tree_name") make the chain with the tree "Tree_name"
    chain.Print() show entries
    chain.Scan("leaf_list1:leaf_list2") show the list of the leaves
    chain.Draw("variable_name") Draw the variable
    chain.GetEntries() it is the number of entries in the Chain
    chain.Reset() reset the chain

    TCanvas

    Command what it does
    TCanvas * canv = new TCanvas("canvas name", "canvas title", width, height) make the canvas "canv"
    canv = TCanvas("c", "c", width, height) initializate the canvas
    canv->Divide(n_column,n_row) divide the canvas in nxm sub-Pads
    canv->cd(n) use ne n-th pad
    canv->Clear("-D") clean the canvas keeping the division in pads
    canv.SetLogy() set log scale on y-axis
    canv.SaveAs('plot.png') save the plot
    canv.Print('plot.png') save the plot
    tree.Draw("variable", "option") show the plot in the open (or not) canvas

    Canvas options examples 
    canv->Range(-1.744928,-17.19233,8.755073,153.8261);
canv->SetFillColor(0);
canv->SetBorderMode(0);
canv->SetBorderSize(2);
canv->SetTopMargin(0.08289242);
canv->SetFrameBorderMode(0);
canv->SetFrameFillColor(3);
canv->SetFrameFillStyle(3002);
canv->SetFrameBorderMode(0);

 tree.Draw("money", "money > 1000");
 tree.Draw("money", "log(money)");  
 tree.Draw("money", "sqrt(money)");                         //you can use math, you can call functions, and gat the return value
 tree.Draw("money", "money > 1000 && money < 2000");     
 tree.Draw("money", "money > 1000 || money < 2000");     //you can use logical operator

 // You can also define some Cuts and add them
 TCut cut1 = "money > 1000" ;
 TCut cut2 = "money < 2000" ;
 tree.Draw("money", cut1 || cut2);
 tree.Draw("money", "cut_name");                      // if you cut something on the canvas (View-->Toolbar-->cut)

 
 // You can use histogramms (it define the histogramm)
 tree.Draw("money>>histo(100, -10, 10)", cut1 || cut2, "goff");              // with cuts
 tree.Draw("money>>histo(100, -10, 10)", "", "goff");                          // without cuts

    python code Hide python code 
    canv.Range(-1.744928,-17.19233,8.755073,153.8261)
canv.SetFillColor(0)
canv.SetBorderMode(0)
canv.SetBorderSize(2)
canv.SetTopMargin(0.08289242)
canv.SetFrameBorderMode(0)
canv.SetFrameFillColor(3)
canv.SetFrameFillStyle(3002)
canv.SetFrameBorderMode(0)

 tree.Draw("money", "money > 1000")
 tree.Draw("money", "log(money)")  
 tree.Draw("money", "sqrt(money)") 			                //you can use math, you can call functions, and gat the return value
 tree.Draw("money", "money > 1000 && money < 2000")  	
 tree.Draw("money", "money > 1000 || money < 2000")   	//you can use logical operator

 // You can also define some Cuts and add them
 TCut cut1 = "money > 1000" 
 TCut cut2 = "money < 2000" 
 tree.Draw("money", cut1 || cut2)
 tree.Draw("money", "cut_name")                      # if you cut something on the canvas (View-->Toolbar-->cut)

 
 // You can use histogramms (it define the histogramm)
 tree.Draw("money>>histo(100, -10, 10)", cut1 || cut2, "goff")              # with cuts
 tree.Draw("money>>histo(100, -10, 10)", "", "goff")                          # without cuts
 tree.Draw("money>>+histo(100, -10, 10)", "", "goff")                          # add

    TPad 
    
TPad * Pad;
Pad = canv.GetPad(2);
Pad->SetLogx();
Pad->SetLogy();
gPad->SetLogz():

    python code Hide python code 
    Pad = canv.GetPad(2)
Pad.SetLogx()
Pad.SetLogy()
gPad.SetLogz()

    TEventList and TEntryList 

    //EVENT
tree.Draw(">>event_name", "money < 2500");               // make a EventList "event_name"
TEventList * myEvent; 
gDirectory->GetObject("event_name", myEvent);
tree.SetEventList(myEvent);                                 // make the my_event'selection in the tree
tree.Draw("money");                                            // draw faster

//ENTRY
tree.Draw(">>event_name", "money < 2500", "entrylist");              // make a EntryList "event_name"
TEntryList * myEvent; 
gDirectory->GetObject("event_name", myEvent);
tree.SetEntryList(myEvent);                                   // make the my_event'selection in the tree
tree.Draw("money");                                            // draw faster

    python code Hide python code 
    da scrivere

    Command what it does
    EVENT
    tree.SetEventList(myEvent) make the my_event'selection in the tree
    tree.SetEventList(0) to reset the selection
    myEvent->GetEntry(n) return the n-th index of the good event for the selection in myEvent
    myEvent->GetN() return the total number of selected events
    ENTRY
    tree.SetEntryList(myEvent) make the my_event'selection in the tree
    tree.SetEntryList(0) to reset the selection
    myEntry->GetEntry(n) return the n-th index of the good event for the selection in myEvent
    myEntry->GetN() return the total number of selected events

    Histogram

    Command what it does
    TH1F histo("histo_name", "histo_title", bin_number, xmin, xmax) make the histogramm with floats. Usually histo=histo_name
    histo.SetBit(TH1::kCanRebin) set xmin and xmax as the minimum and maximum values. To do before filling
    TH1D * histo2 = (TH1D*) histo.Clone() clone the histogramm histo in histo2
    histo.Sumw2() Set Poissonian errors, they will be drawn
    histo.SetTitle("histo_title") Set the title of the histogramm
    histo.FillRandom("gaus", 100) fill 100 random gaussian variable in histo
    histogram1.Draw() plot the histogram
    histogram2.Draw("SAME") plot the histogram in the same canvas ("SAME" can also be "same")
    histo.Scale(1.4) multiply all the bins for 1.4
    histo.Divide(histogram1,histogram2,1,1) divide the two histograms bin to bin (only if they have the same binning)
    histo.Divide(histogram1,histogram2,1,1,"B") divide the two histograms bin to bin knowing it is a binomial error
    void TGraphAsymmErrors::BayesDivide(TH1 * pass, TH1 * total ) divide the two histograms bin to bin with asymmetric errors 

    //Histogramm declaration
TH2D histogram("histo_name", "histo_title; xAxisName; yAxisName", xbin_number, xmin, xmax, ybin_number, ymin, ymax);
TH2D histogram("histo_name", "histo_title", xbin_number, xmin, xmax, ybin_number, ymin, ymax);
tree.Draw("y_variable:x_variable>>histo(100, -10, 10, 100, -10, 10)", "", "colz");           // with colour
tree.Draw("y_variable:x_variable>>histo(100, -10, 10, 100, -10, 10)", "", "surf");           
tree.Draw("y_variable:x_variable>>histo(100, -10, 10, 100, -10, 10)", "", "lego2");          //3D histogramm (exist also lego1)

//Color
histogram->SetLineWidth(1);
histogram->SetLineColor(2);     // red
histogram->SetFillColor(2);       // red
histogram->SetFillStyle(3001);

//Axis label
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetTitle("This is the x axis");
histogram->GetYaxis()->SetTitle("This is the y axis");
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetTitleOffset(1.5);     //the default is 1.

//Set Ranges
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetRangeUser(0, 20);          // Set ranges for x axis. It works only for zooming
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetRange(1, 20);                // Set initial and final bin
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetLimits(0, 100);                // Set initial and final X, it changes only the axis, not the histogramm

//Maximum and minimum values
histo->SetMaximumValue(100);                   // Set maximum value on y
histo->SetMinimumValue(10);                    // Set minimum value on y
histo->SetMaximumValue();                      // default
histo->SetMinimumValue();

    python code Hide python code 
    # Histogramm declaration
histogramm = TH2D histo("histo_name", "histo_title; xAxisName; yAxisName", xbin_number, xmin, xmax, ybin_number, ymin, ymax)
histogramm = TH2D histo("histo_name", "histo_title", xbin_number, xmin, xmax, ybin_number, ymin, ymax)
tree.Draw("y_variable:x_variable>>histo(100, -10, 10, 100, -10, 10)", "", "colz")           # with colour
tree.Draw("y_variable:x_variable>>histo(100, -10, 10, 100, -10, 10)", "", "surf")           
tree.Draw("y_variable:x_variable>>histo(100, -10, 10, 100, -10, 10)", "", "lego2")          #3D histogramm (exist also lego1)

histogram.SetLineWidth(1)
histogram.SetLineColor(2)               # red
histogram.SetFillColor(2)              # red
histogram.SetFillStyle(3001)

    Axis 

    //Axis label
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetTitle("This is the x axis");
histogram->GetYaxis()->SetTitle("This is the y axis");
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetTitleOffset(1.5);     //the default is 1.

//Set Ranges
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetRangeUser(0, 20);          // Set ranges for x axis. It works only for zooming
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetRange(1, 20);                // Set initial and final bin
histogram->GetXaxis()->SetLimits(0, 100);                // Set initial and final X, it changes only the axis, not the histogramm

//Maximum and minimum values
histo->SetMaximumValue(100);                   // Set maximum value on y
histo->SetMinimumValue(10);                    // Set minimum value on y
histo->SetMaximumValue();                      // default
histo->SetMinimumValue();

// Renaming the bins
for(i==1; i <= binLenght; i++)
    histo->GetXaxis()->SetBinLabel(i, newLabelName[i])

    python code Hide python code 
    # Axis label
histogram.GetXaxis().SetTitle("This is the x axis")
histogram.GetYaxis().SetTitle("This is the y axis")
histogram.GetXaxis().SetTitleOffset(1.5)              #the default is 1.

# Set Ranges
histogram.GetXaxis().SetRangeUser(0, 20)          # Set ranges for x axis. It works only for zooming
histogram.GetXaxis().SetRange(1, 20)                # Set initial and final bin
histogram.GetXaxis().SeLimits(0, 100)                # Set initial and final X, it changes only the axis, not the histogramm


# Maximum and minimum values
histo.SetMaximumValue(100)                   # Set maximum value on y
histo.SetMinimumValue(10)                    # Set minimum value on y
histo.SetMaximumValue()                      # default
histo.SetMinimumValue()

# Renaming the bins
for i in range(len(binLenght)) :
    histo.GetXaxis().SetBinLabel(i+1, newBinlName[i])

    TLine, TText and TLatex 

    float yt1 = 0.1;
TText *t1 = new TText(0.5,yt1,"ROOT");
t1->SetTextAlign(22);
t1->SetTextSize(0.05);
t1->Draw();


float yt2 = 0.8;
float xt2 = 0.2;
TLatex * t2 = new TLatex(xt2,yt2 ,"some text");
t2->SetNDC();
t2->SetTextAlign(22);
t2->SetTextSize(0.05);


TPaveStats *ptstats = new TPaveStats(0.6560386,0.1569665,0.8560386,0.345679,"brNDC");
ptstats->SetName("stats");
ptstats->SetBorderSize(1);
ptstats->SetFillColor(0);
ptstats->SetTextAlign(12);
ptstats->SetTextFont(42);
ptstats->SetOptFit(0);
ptstats->Draw();

TLine *line1 = new TLine(0.05,0.05,0.80,0.70);
line1->SetLineWidth(8);
line1->SetLineColor(2);
line1->Draw();
line1->DrawLine(0.6,0.1,0.9,0.9);

    python code Hide python code 
    yt1 = 0.1
t1 = TText(0.5,yt1,"some text")
t1.SetTextAlign(22)
t1.SetTextSize(0.05)
t1.Draw()

yt2 = 0.2
xt2 = 0.7
t2 = new TLatex(xt2,yt2 ,"some text")
t2.SetNDC()
t2.SetTextAlign(22)
t2.SetTextSize(0.05)

line1 = TLine(0.05,0.05,0.80,0.70)
line1.SetLineWidth(8)
line1.SetLineColor(2)
line1.Draw()
line1.DrawLine(0.6,0.1,0.9,0.9)

    TLegend 

    TLegend* myLegend = new TLegend(0.4,0.5,0.7,0.7);
myLegend->SetHeader("The Legend Title");

// you can name it in the declaration
float Xbottom = 0.5;
float Ybottom = 0.5;
float Xtop = 0.9;
float Ytop = 0.9;
TLegend *myLegend=new TLegend(Xbottom, Ybottom, Xtop, Ytop, "The Legend Title");
myLegend->SetBorderSize(0);
myLegend->SetFillColor(0);
myLegend->SetFillStyle(0);
myLegend->SetTextFont(42);
myLegend->SetTextSize(0.04);
myLegend->SetBorderSize(0);                  // without border
myLegend->SetFillColorAlpha(1,0);           // trasparent

//Add Entries and draw 
myLegend->AddEntry(h1,"Histogram filled with random numbers","f");    // "f" = color filled
myLegend->AddEntry("f1","Function abs(#frac{sin(x)}{x})","l");               // "l" = color of the line
myLegend->AddEntry("gr","Graph with error bars","lep");
myLegend->Draw();

    python code Hide python code 
    myLegend =  TLegend(0.4,0.5,0.7,0.7)
myLegend.SetHeader("The Legend Title")

# you can name it in the declaration
Xbottom = 0.5
Ybottom = 0.5
Xtop = 0.9
Ytop = 0.9
myLegend= TLegend(Xbottom, Ybottom, Xtop, Ytop, "The Legend Title")
myLegend.SetBorderSize(0)
myLegend.SetFillColor(0)
myLegend.SetFillStyle(0)
myLegend.SetTextFont(42)
myLegend.SetTextSize(0.04)
myLegend.SetBorderSize(0)                   # without border
myLegend.SetFillColorAlpha(1,0)           #trasparent

#Add Entries and draw 
myLegend.AddEntry(h1,"Histogram filled with random numbers","f")    # "f" = color filled
myLegend.AddEntry("f1","Function abs(#frac{sin(x)}{x})","l")               # "l" = color of the line
myLegend.AddEntry("gr","Graph with error bars","lep")
myLegend.Draw()

    Styles

    The type of information printed in the histogram statistics box can be selected via the parameter mode.
    The parameter mode can be = iourmen (default = 0001111)
    n = 1; name of histogram is printed
    e = 1; number of entries printed
    m = 1; mean value printed
    r = 1; rms printed
    u = 1; number of underflows printed
    o = 1; number of overflows printed
    i = 1; integral of bins printed
    Example: 
      gStyle->SetOptStat(11);
    print only name of histogram and number of entries.
      gStyle->SetOptStat(1101);
    displays the name of histogram, mean value and RMS.
    Warning, important never call SetOptStat(000111) but SetOptStat(1111), 0001111 will be taken as an octal number !! 

    gROOT.SetStyle("Plain");         // set plot style
gStyle->SetOptStat(0);           // suppress the statistics box 
gStyle->SetOptTitle(0);           // suppress the histogram title 
gStyle->SetPadTickX(1);           // to get the tick marks on the opposite side of the frame
gStyle->SetPadTickY(1);           // to get the tick marks on the opposite side of the frame
gStyle->SetStatY(0.9);                  // Set y-position (fraction of pad size)
gStyle->SetStatX(0.8);                // Set x-position (fraction of pad size)
gStyle->SetStatW(0.2);                // Set width of stat-box (fraction of pad size)
gStyle->SetStatH(0.2);                // Set height of stat-box (fraction of pad size)

gStyle->SetTitleFont(42, "XYZ");     // set nicer fonts
gStyle->SetLabelFont(42, "XYZ");
gStyle->SetPaintTextFormat("2.2f");    // set the text in the bins

gStyle->SetPalette(1);              // set default color in z axis. Each number is a different shading

gPad->SetGrid();                  // set the grid on the plot

// Log scale
gPad->SetLogx(kTRUE);
gPad->SetLogy(kTRUE);

    python code Hide python code 
    gROOT.SetStyle("Plain")         # set plot style
gStyle.SetOptStat(0)           # suppress the statistics box 
gStyle.SetOptTitle(0)           # suppress the histogram title 
gStyle.SetPadTickX(1)           # to get the tick marks on the opposite side of the frame
gStyle.SetPadTickY(1)           # to get the tick marks on the opposite side of the frame
gStyle.SetStatY(0.9);                  # Set y-position (fraction of pad size)
gStyle.SetStatX(0.8);                # Set x-position (fraction of pad size)
gStyle.SetStatW(0.2);                # Set width of stat-box (fraction of pad size)
gStyle.SetStatH(0.2);                # Set height of stat-box (fraction of pad size)

gStyle.SetTitleFont(42, "XYZ")     # set nicer fonts
gStyle.SetLabelFont(42, "XYZ")
gStyle.SetPaintTextFormat("2.2f")    # set the text in the bins

gStyle.SetPalette(1)              # set default color in z axis. Each number is a different shading

gPad.SetGrid()                  # set the grid on the plot

# Log scale
gPad.SetLogx(kTRUE)
gPad.SetLogy(kTRUE)

    Other Objects 

    
TLine line = new TLine(x1,y1,x2, y2);
line.SetLineWidth(8);
line.SetLineColor(2);
line.Draw();

//TStack
THStack superPositionHisto = new THStack("TStackName", "TStack title")
superPositionHisto->GetHistogram()->GetXaxis()->SetTitle("X title");
superPositionHisto->Add(histo1)
histo1->SetFillColor(2)
superPositionHisto->Add(histo2)
histo2->SetFillColor(3)
superPositionHisto->Draw()


// the following lines move the palette. Choose the values you need for the position. Do it after having drawn the histogram
   gPad->Update();
   TPaletteAxis *palette = (TPaletteAxis*)my2dhisto->GetListOfFunctions()->FindObject("palette");
   palette->SetX1NDC(0.9);
   palette->SetX2NDC(0.95);
   palette->SetY1NDC(0.2);
   palette->SetY2NDC(0.8);
   gPad->Modified();
   gPad->Update();

//logaritmic TH (never check in C)
std::vector<double> binX;
std::vector<double> binY;
// Fill binX and binY with a for cycle
TH2D * histo = new TH2D("histo", "", binX.size()-1, binX, binY.size()-1,binY)

//Adding overflow
histo->SetBinContent(histo->GetNbinsX(), histo->GetBinContent(histo->GetNbinsX()) + histo->GetBinContent(histo->GetNbinsX()+1))

    python code Hide python code 
    line = TLine(x1,y1,x2, y2)
line.SetLineWidth(8)
line.SetLineColor(2)
line.Draw()

#TStack
superPositionHisto = THStack("TStackName", "TStack title")
superPositionHisto.GetHistogram().GetXaxis().SetTitle("X title");
superPositionHisto.Add(histo1)
histo1.SetFillColor(2)
superPositionHisto.Add(histo2)
histo2.SetFillColor(3)
superPositionHisto.Draw()

#the following lines move the palette. Choose the values you need for the position. Do it after having drawn the histogram
gPad.Update()
palette = my2dHisto.GetListOfFunctions().FindObject("palette");
palette.SetX1NDC(0.88);
palette.SetX2NDC(0.93);
gPad.Modified();
gPad.Update();

#logaritmic TH2D
from ROOT import *
from array import array
binX = [1, 3, 10, 30, 100]          #do this with a for cycle
binY = [1, 3, 10, 30, 100]          #do this with a for cycle
histo = TH2D("histo", "", len(binX)-1, array('d',binX), len(binY)-1, array('d',binY))          #'d' means double

#Adding overflow
histo.SetBinContent(GetNbinsX(), j, histo.GetBinContent(GetNbinsX(), j) + histo.GetBinContent(GetNbinsX()+1, j))

    Colors

    From -10 to +4
    ROOT.kYellow,
    ROOT.kRed,
    ROOT.kMagenta,
    ROOT.kBlue,
    ROOT.kCyan,
    ROOT.kGreen,

    From -9 to +10
    ROOT.kOrange,
    ROOT.kPink,
    ROOT.kViolet,
    ROOT.kAzure,
    ROOT.kTeal,
    ROOT.kSpring,

    From 0 to +3
    ROOT.kGray,

    ROOT.kBlack,
    ROOT.kWithe,

    Integral of a TH1D 

    TH1F* h2 = (TH1F*)histo->Clone("h2")
h2->ComputeIntegral();
Double_t *integral = h2->GetIntegral();
h2->SetContent(integral);
h2->Draw("same");

    python code Hide python code 
    h2 = histo.Clone("h2")
h2.ComputeIntegral()
integral = h2.GetIntegral()
h2.SetContent(integral)
h2.Draw("same")

    Fit of a TH1D 

        TF1* turnonPt = new TF1("turnonPt","(0.5+0.5*erf( (x-[0])/[1]))*[3]+[2] "); 

    TF1 * FunFit = new TF1("Funzione","(0.5+0.5*erf( (x-[0])/[1])) ", -2, 2;)       //fit in Range=[-2,2]
    FunFit->SetParameter(0,2);
    FunFit->SetParameter(1,2);
    histo->Fit(Funzione, "R");               //Fit in range
    histo->Draw();
    FunFit->Draw("cont3")            //there is "count", "count0",.., "count5"
    Draw Options are here

    python code Hide python code 
    turnonPt = TF1("turnonPt","(0.5+0.5*erf( (x-[0])/[1]))*[3]+[2] ")

    FunFit = TF1("Funzione","(0.5+0.5*erf( (x-[0])/[1])) ", -2, 2)       #fit in Range=[-2,2]
    FunFit.SetParameter(0,2)
    FunFit.SetParameter(1,2)
    histo.Fit(Funzione, "R")               #Fit in range
    histo.Draw()
    FunFit.Draw("cont3")

    Chi2 and KS probability 

    double chi2 = hist_1->Chi2Test(hist_2,"CHI2/NDF");
double prob_chi2 =TMath::Prob(hist_1->Chi2Test(hist_2,"CHI2"), hist_1->GetNbinsX()-1);
double K_b = hist_1->KolmogorovTest(hist_2);

    TESORO SEGRETO

    Sotto il cumulino, 10 passi a sud dalla quercia più alta

    CMSSW

    How to generate analyzer, prosucer and other skeleton code is here.

    Reset CPUs 

    scram b clean
scram b -r

    Getting informations (Handle)

    trigger informations Hide CMSSW code 
    edm::Handle<edm::TriggerResults> triggerBits;
edm::Handle<pat::TriggerObjectStandAloneCollection> triggerObjects;
edm::Handle<pat::PackedTriggerPrescales> triggerPrescales;

iEvent.getByToken(triggerBits_, triggerBits);
iEvent.getByToken(triggerObjects_, triggerObjects);
iEvent.getByToken(triggerPrescales_, triggerPrescales);



edm::EDGetTokenT<edm::TriggerResults> trigResultsToken;
trigResultsToken = consumes<edm::TriggerResults>(edm::InputTag("TriggerResults","","HLT"));

edm::Handle<edm::TriggerResults> trigResults;
iEvent.getByToken(trigResultsToken, trigResults);
const TriggerResults & triggerResults = *(trigResults.product());

const edm::TriggerNames& hltPathNames = iEvent.triggerNames(*trigResults);   
// PRINT ALL TRIGGER NAMES        
for (size_t it = 0 ; it < hltPathNames.size() ; ++it) 
    std::cout << hltPathNames.triggerName(it)  << std::endl;  
            
std::string pathName="HLT_IsoTkMu24_v3";
bool passTrig=triggerResults.accept(hltPathNames.triggerIndex(pathName));

    Vertex informations Hide CMSSW code 
    Handle<reco::TrackCollection> tracks;
iEvent.getByLabel("generalTracks", tracks);

edm::ESHandle<GlobalTrackingGeometry> geometry;
iSetup.get<GlobalTrackingGeometryRecord>().get(geometry);

Handle<edmNew::DetSetVector<SiPixelCluster> > inputPixelClusters;
iEvent.getByLabel(pixelClusters_, inputPixelClusters);

Handle<edmNew::DetSetVector<SiPixelCluster> > inputPixelClustersIDEAL;
iEvent.getByLabel("IdealsiPixelClusters", inputPixelClustersIDEAL);

Handle<std::vector<reco::Vertex> > vertices; 
iEvent.getByLabel(vertices_, vertices);

edm::ESHandle<PixelClusterParameterEstimator> pe; 
iSetup.get<TkPixelCPERecord>().get(pixelCPE_ , pe ); 

#include "DataFormats/Candidate/interface/VertexCompositePtrCandidateFwd.h"
Handle<std::vector<reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate>> SecondaryVerticesCollection;
iEvent.getByLabel("slimmedSecondaryVertices", SecondaryVerticesCollection);

    objects informations Hide CMSSW code 
    Handle<reco::TrackCollection> tracks;
iEvent.getByLabel("generalTracks", tracks);

Handle<std::vector<reco::CaloJet> > jets;
iEvent.getByLabel("ak5CaloJets", jets);

Handle<std::vector<pat::Jet>> jetsCollection;
iEvent.getByLabel("slimmedJets", jetsCollection);
std::vector<pat::Jet>  jets = *jetsCollection.product();

Handle<std::vector<reco::GenJet>> jetsCollection;
iEvent.getByLabel("slimmedGenJets", jetsCollection);
std::vector<reco::GenJet>  jets = *jetsCollection.product();

Handle<std::vector<reco::GenParticle>> particleCollection;
iEvent.getByLabel("prunedGenParticles", particleCollection);
std::vector<reco::GenParticle>  particles = *particleCollection.product();

    Getting informations after 7_4 (Handle)

    trigger informations Hide CMSSW code 
    edm::Handle<edm::TriggerResults> triggerBits;
edm::Handle<pat::TriggerObjectStandAloneCollection> triggerObjects;
edm::Handle<pat::PackedTriggerPrescales> triggerPrescales;

iEvent.getByToken(triggerBits_, triggerBits);
iEvent.getByToken(triggerObjects_, triggerObjects);
iEvent.getByToken(triggerPrescales_, triggerPrescales);

    Vertex informations Hide CMSSW code 
    #include "DataFormats/Candidate/interface/VertexCompositePtrCandidateFwd.h"
  edm::InputTag m_slimmedSecondaryVertices;
  edm::EDGetTokenT<std::vector<reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate> > slimmedSecondaryVerticesToken;

  //or this two line (they have to be in the costructor)
  m_slimmedSecondaryVertices = iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>("slimmedSecondaryVertices");
  slimmedSecondaryVerticesToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate> >(m_slimmedSecondaryVertices);
  //or the next line (they are equivalent) (it has to be in the costructor)
  slimmedSecondaryVerticesToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate> >(edm::InputTag("slimmedSecondaryVertices"));

  Handle<std::vector<reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate> > SecondaryVerticesCollection;
  iEvent.getByToken(slimmedSecondaryVerticesToken, SecondaryVerticesCollection);
  std::vector<reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate>  SecondaryVertices = *SecondaryVerticesCollection.product();



  edm::InputTag m_offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices;
  edm::EDGetTokenT<std::vector<reco::Vertex> > offlineSlimmedPrimaryVerticesToken;

  //or this two line (they have to be in the costructor)
  m_offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices = iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>("offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices");
  offlineSlimmedPrimaryVerticesToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::Vertex> >(m_offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices);
  //or the next line (they are equivalent) (it has to be in the costructor)
  offlineSlimmedPrimaryVerticesToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::Vertex> >(edm::InputTag("offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices"));

  Handle<std::vector<reco::Vertex> > vertices; 
  iEvent.getByToken(offlineSlimmedPrimaryVerticesToken, vertices);
  const reco::Vertex & pv = (*vertices)[0];

    objects informations Hide CMSSW code 
    edm::InputTag m_slimmedGenJets;
  edm::EDGetTokenT<std::vector<reco::GenJet> > slimmedGenJetsToken;

  //or this two line (they have to be in the costructor)
  m_slimmedGenJets = iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>("slimmedGenJets");
  slimmedGenJetsToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::GenJet> >(m_slimmedGenJets);
  //or the next line (they are equivalent) (it has to be in the costructor)
  slimmedGenJetsToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::GenJet> >(edm::InputTag("slimmedGenJets"));

  Handle<std::vector<reco::GenJet>> jetsCollection;
  iEvent.getByToken(slimmedGenJetsToken, jetsCollection);
  std::vector<reco::GenJet>  jets = *jetsCollection.product();


  edm::InputTag m_prunedGenParticles;
  edm::EDGetTokenT<std::vector<reco::GenParticle> > prunedGenParticlesToken;

  //or this two line (they have to be in the costructor)
  m_prunedGenParticles = iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>("prunedGenParticles");
  prunedGenParticlesToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::GenParticle> >(m_prunedGenParticles);
  //or the next line (they are equivalent) (it has to be in the costructor)
  prunedGenParticlesToken = consumes<std::vector<reco::GenParticle> >(edm::InputTag("prunedGenParticles"));

  Handle<std::vector<reco::GenParticle>> particleCollection;
  iEvent.getByToken(prunedGenParticlesToken, particleCollection);
  std::vector<reco::GenParticle>  particles = *particleCollection.product();

    Information about root files

    • ls -altrh file.root
    • edmEventSize -v file.root
    • edmDumpEventContent file.root

    NANOAOD doc: https://cms-nanoaod-integration.web.cern.ch/integration/master/mc94X_doc.html

    edmEventSize -v MINIAOD 94X Hide 
    File TTToHadronic_94X_MINIAOD Events 66816
Branch Name | Average Uncompressed Size (Bytes/Event) | Average Compressed Size (Bytes/Event) 
patPackedCandidates_packedPFCandidates__PAT. 128048 18601.1
patTriggerObjectStandAlones_slimmedPatTrigger__PAT. 71102.7 3971.92
patPackedGenParticles_packedGenParticles__PAT. 41805.5 3920.25
LHEEventProduct_externalLHEProducer__SIM. 15706.2 2706.68
patMuons_slimmedMuons__PAT. 8291.61 2462.17
patJets_slimmedJets__PAT. 24639.2 2328.35
recoGenParticles_prunedGenParticles__PAT. 12847.1 2324.92
patJets_slimmedJetsPuppi__PAT. 13812 1474.13
patElectrons_slimmedElectrons__PAT. 5337.97 996.794
recoVertexs_offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices__PAT. 2652.58 902.886
patTaus_slimmedTaus__PAT. 13606.8 859.191
patJets_slimmedJetsAK8__PAT. 6228.59 690.302
patPhotons_slimmedPhotons__PAT. 3421.99 690.153
recoCaloClusters_reducedEgamma_reducedEBEEClusters_PAT. 1778.98 645.852
EcalRecHitsSorted_reducedEgamma_reducedEBRecHits_PAT. 1499.16 636.035
patTaus_slimmedTausBoosted__PAT. 7984.11 516.172
patCompositeCandidates_oniaPhotonCandidates_conversions_PAT. 1896.33 506.745
patPackedCandidates_lostTracks__PAT. 2270.01 497.287
patIsolatedTracks_isolatedTracks__PAT. 2192.58 493.502
recoGenJets_slimmedGenJets__PAT. 2846.62 478.976
recoSuperClusters_reducedEgamma_reducedSuperClusters_PAT. 1727.35 459.931
recoConversions_reducedEgamma_reducedConversions_PAT. 1976.46 458.166
recoCaloClusters_reducedEgamma_reducedESClusters_PAT. 1250.97 390.554
recoGenParticles_genPUProtons_genPUProtons_HLT. 2800.29 355.43
recoGsfTracks_reducedEgamma_reducedGsfTracks_PAT. 836.238 310.43
recoVertexCompositePtrCandidates_slimmedSecondaryVertices__PAT. 738.181 304.499
recoCaloJets_slimmedCaloJets__PAT. 1779.21 300.317
PileupSummaryInfos_slimmedAddPileupInfo__PAT. 1693.04 296.895
patMETs_slimmedMETs__PAT. 889.575 292.045
patMETs_slimmedMETsPuppi__PAT. 889.598 288.865
recoGenJets_slimmedGenJetsAK8__PAT. 2082.17 252.433
patMETs_slimmedMETsNoHF__PAT. 889.593 246.558
EcalRecHitsSorted_reducedEgamma_reducedEERecHits_PAT. 476.88 207.45
recoVertexCompositePtrCandidates_slimmedKshortVertices__PAT. 453.577 184.827
EcalRecHitsSorted_reducedEgamma_reducedESRecHits_PAT. 488.395 179.334
GenEventInfoProduct_generator__SIM. 304.421 133.052
recoDeDxHitInfos_isolatedTracks__PAT. 311.685 122.89
recoGenJets_slimmedGenJetsAK8SoftDropSubJets__PAT. 964.605 121.195
patJets_slimmedJetsAK8PFPuppiSoftDropPacked_SubJets_PAT. 1026.71 119.888
l1tTauBXVector_caloStage2Digis_Tau_RECO. 1414.99 117.018
recoJetFlavourInfoMatchingCollection_slimmedGenJetsFlavourInfos__PAT. 1641.03 114.612
l1tJetBXVector_caloStage2Digis_Jet_RECO. 1118.41 109.764
HcalNoiseSummary_hcalnoise__RECO. 470.704 108.427
floatedmValueMap_offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices__PAT. 162.143 105.752
edmTriggerResults_TriggerResults__HLT. 1328.79 78.4765
l1tEGammaBXVector_caloStage2Digis_EGamma_RECO. 648.3 73.6909
l1tEtSumBXVector_caloStage2Digis_EtSum_RECO. 1369.87 56.7469
recoVertexCompositePtrCandidates_slimmedLambdaVertices__PAT. 138.059 51.5755
recoGenMETs_genMetTrue__SIM. 209.37 45.2902
recoGenMETs_genMetTrue__HLT. 209.37 45.2902
EventAuxiliary 133.123 44.5326
GlobalAlgBlkBXVector_gtStage2Digis__RECO. 1634.97 40.11
patPackedCandidates_lostTracks_eleTracks_PAT. 79.0923 24.4766
l1tMuonBXVector_gmtStage2Digis_Muon_RECO. 142.752 24.2695
recoConversions_reducedEgamma_reducedSingleLegConversions_PAT. 128.453 20.1273
recoGsfElectronCores_reducedEgamma_reducedGedGsfElectronCores_PAT. 222.428 16.5518
CSCDetIdCSCSegmentsOwnedRangeMap_slimmedMuons__PAT. 98.2064 15.8435
recoPhotonCores_reducedEgamma_reducedGedPhotonCores_PAT. 247.324 12.3706
DTChamberIdDTRecSegment4DsOwnedRangeMap_slimmedMuons__PAT. 119.437 12.1238
floatROOTMathCartesian3DROOTMathDefaultCoordinateSystemTagROOTMathPositionVector3D_genParticles_xyz0_SIM. 37.5168 11.2297
floatROOTMathCartesian3DROOTMathDefaultCoordinateSystemTagROOTMathPositionVector3D_genParticles_xyz0_HLT. 37.5168 11.2297
double_fixedGridRhoFastjetAll__RECO. 9.31653 7.76998
double_fixedGridRhoFastjetAllCalo__RECO. 9.32622 7.76543
double_fixedGridRhoFastjetCentral__RECO. 9.32622 7.75789
double_fixedGridRhoFastjetCentralCalo__RECO. 9.33592 7.75346
double_fixedGridRhoFastjetCentralNeutral__RECO. 9.3432 7.40716
double_fixedGridRhoFastjetCentralChargedPileUp__RECO. 9.35774 7.33802
recoDeDxHitInfosedmAssociation_isolatedTracks__PAT. 93.1052 5.35005
recoCSCHaloData_CSCHaloData__RECO. 105.724 5.14488
patPackedTriggerPrescales_patTrigger_l1max_PAT. 2536.34 4.9517
patPackedTriggerPrescales_patTrigger_l1min_PAT. 2536.34 4.9517
patPackedTriggerPrescales_patTrigger__PAT. 2536.29 4.902
float_genParticles_t0_HLT. 5.29222 4.2735
float_genParticles_t0_SIM. 5.29222 4.2735
double_fixedGridRhoAll__RECO. 9.29955 4.21775
GlobalExtBlkBXVector_gtStage2Digis__RECO. 1371.85 3.86547
recoBeamHaloSummary_BeamHaloSummary__RECO. 108.08 3.77809
EventSelections 90.0872 3.51603
recoBeamSpot_offlineBeamSpot__RECO. 335.433 2.95536
edmTriggerResults_TriggerResults__PAT. 126.375 2.87724
BranchListIndexes 26.261 2.7459
EventProductProvenance 16.0251 2.50902
edmTriggerResults_TriggerResults__RECO. 82.3585 2.12879
edmTriggerResults_TriggerResults__SIM. 80.3559 2.1081
patPhotons_slimmedOOTPhotons__PAT. 18.6087 2.0795
L1GlobalTriggerReadoutRecord_gtDigis__RECO. 73.3695 2.02498
recoCaloClusters_reducedEgamma_reducedOOTEBEEClusters_PAT. 17.7531 1.73216
recoSuperClusters_reducedEgamma_reducedOOTSuperClusters_PAT. 17.6565 1.59989
recoCaloClusters_reducedEgamma_reducedOOTESClusters_PAT. 17.3822 1.53451
CTPPSLocalTrackLites_ctppsLocalTrackLiteProducer__RECO. 17.3798 1.53216
recoPhotonCores_reducedEgamma_reducedOOTPhotonCores_PAT. 17.5124 1.4862
LumiScalerss_scalersRawToDigi__RECO. 17.3325 1.48476
Strings_slimmedPatTrigger_filterLabels_PAT. 15.343 1.46769
uint_bunchSpacingProducer__PAT. 5.30476 0.504325

    Reading miniAOD from ROOT 

    Events->Scan("GenEventInfoProduct_generator__SIM.obj.weights_")

    Make and Fill a TTree 

    edm::Service<TFileService> file;	
TTree *tree;
tree=file->make<TTree>("tree","tree");
int variableNameInTheCode;
double arrayNameInTheCode[100];
tree->Branch("variableNameInTheTree", &variableNameInTheCode, "variableNameInTheTree/I");
tree->Branch("arrayNameInTheTree", &arrayNameInTheCode, "arrayNameInTheTree/D");
tree->Fill();

    Heppy

    If you need to learn python you can lokk at this

    Getting informations after 7_4 (Handle)

    Informations Hide python code 
    self.handles['name_you_choose'] =  AutoHandle( 'packedPFCandidates','std::vector<pat::PackedCandidate>')
self.handles['name_you_choose'] =  AutoHandle( 'prunedGenParticles','std::vector<reco::GenParticle>')
self.handles['name_you_choose'] =  AutoHandle( 'slimmedSecondaryVertices','std::vector<reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate>')
self.handles['name_you_choose'] =  AutoHandle( 'offlineSlimmedPrimaryVertices','std::vector<reco::Vertex>' )

    Example

    example

    python code Hide python code 
    example to put

    Batch System Pisa

    Command what it does
    bsub -Is -R "select[defined(fai)]" -q fai /bin/bash -l connect to the fai server (you have to be in gridui)
    bsub -q local executable_file execute (there must be the environment setup)
    bjobs show the jobs executed with bsub
    bqueues show all the jobs running and pending in all the queues
    bkill job_number kill a bjob
    Setup the environment:
    • source /afs/pi.infn.it/grid_exp_sw/cms/scripts/setcms.sh
    • source /afs/pi.infn.it/grid_exp_sw/cms/scripts/setcms.csh

    Tip in order

    connect to the server: 
    ssh -XY mandorli@gridui1.pi.infn.it
    access the FAI facility: 
    bsub -Is  -R "select[defined(fai)]" -q fai /bin/bash -l
    call the directory you want: 
    /gpfs/ddn/cms/user/mandorli/Hmumu/CMSSW_8_0_25/src/skimming
    setup the environment with one of: 
    source /afs/pi.infn.it/grid_exp_sw/cms/scripts/setcms.sh
source /afs/pi.infn.it/grid_exp_sw/cms/scripts/setcms.csh
    send the job: 
    bsub -q local `pwd`/executable_file
    Copying the certificate 
    cp /tmp/x509up_u9842 .
    In order to see if there is any not saved file, you can use: 
    for i in `seq 0 1 165` ; do ls SingleMuon/skimmed_tree_$i.root | grep file; done

    What there should be in your executable file 

    source /afs/pi.infn.it/grid_exp_sw/cms/scripts/setcms.sh

export VO_CMS_SW_DIR=/cvmfs/cms.cern.ch
export SCRAM_ARCH=slc6_amd64_gcc530
source $VO_CMS_SW_DIR/cmsset_default.sh
#export CMSSW_GIT_REFERENCE=/cvmfs/cms.cern.ch/cmssw.git                #if you need git

eval `scram runtime -sh`            #cmsenv real name

    CRAB

    compile and execute

    You can find instruction about how to get GRID certificate here
    Command what it does
    source /cvmfs/cms.cern.ch/crab3/crab.csh like cmsenv
    voms-proxy-init --voms cms create a proxy that last 24 hours
    voms-proxy-init --voms cms --valid 168:00 create a proxy that last 168 hours
    voms-proxy-info provide some information about your proxy
    crab submit -c file.py launch the job, like cmsRun
    crab kill directoryName kill the job you launched
    Instead of using 'crab submit' you can launch the job with: python file.py
    You can find the output in /gpfs/ddn/srm/cms/store/user/gimandor/

    Check username

    To check your username (to check if everything is fine) 
     crab checkusername

    Job'status 

     crab status name_directory

    Configuration file example

    crab config file Hide file 
    from CRABClient.UserUtilities import config, getUsernameFromSiteDB
config = config()

D = dict()
D['amcatnloFXFX']   = '/DYJetsToLL_M-105To160_TuneCUETP8M1_13TeV-amcatnloFXFX-pythia8/RunIISummer16MiniAODv2-PUMoriond17_80X_mcRun2_asymptotic_2016_TrancheIV_v6-v2/MINIAODSIM'
D['madgraphMLM']    = '/DYJetsToLL_M-105To160_TuneCUETP8M1_13TeV-madgraphMLM-pythia8/RunIISummer16MiniAODv2-PUMoriond17_80X_mcRun2_asymptotic_2016_TrancheIV_v6-v1/MINIAODSIM'


version='V01_'
config.General.requestName = 'TESTcrab_'+version
config.General.workArea = 'crab_projects'
config.General.transferOutputs = True
config.General.transferLogs = True

config.JobType.pluginName = 'Analysis'
config.JobType.psetName = 'cfg.py'

config.Data.inputDBS = 'global'
config.Data.splitting = 'FileBased'
config.Data.unitsPerJob = 20
config.Data.outLFNDirBase = '/store/user/gimandor/BBHeppy'+version+'/'
config.Data.publication = True
config.Data.outputDatasetTag = 'CRAB3_SingleMuon_check_kFactor'

config.section_("Site")
config.Site.storageSite = "T2_IT_Pisa"



if __name__ == '__main__':
    from CRABAPI.RawCommand import crabCommand
    
    for S in D.keys() :
        version_with_sample='V_18_'+S
        
        config.General.requestName = 'TESTcrab_'+version_with_sample
        config.Data.outLFNDirBase = '/store/user/gimandor/BBHeppy'+version_with_sample+'/'
        config.Data.inputDataset = D[S]

        crabCommand('submit', config = config)

    DAS

    DAS page is https://cmsweb.cern.ch/das

    You can see sample version reference here https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/CMS/PdmVAnalysisSummaryTable

    Examples 

    dataset= /QCD_Pt_*to*_TuneCUETP8M1_13TeV_pythia8/RunIIFall15MiniAODv2-PU25nsData2015v1_76X_mcRun2_asymptotic_v12-v1/MINIAODSIM
dataset= /QCD_Pt_*to*_TuneCUETP8M1_13TeV_pythia8/RunIIFall15MiniAODv2-PU25nsData2015v1_76X_mcRun2_asymptotic_v12-v1/MINIAODSIM lumi=20

    dasgoclient 

    dasgoclient -query="dataset status=* dataset=/DY*105*/*18NanoAODv6*/NANOAODSIM"
dasgoclient -query="dataset=/DYJetsToLL_M-105To160_VBFFilter_TuneCUETP8M1_13TeV-amcatnloFXFX-pythia8/nlu-RunIISummer16MiniAODv3-PUMoriond17_VBFPostMGFilter_94X_mcRun2_asymptotic_v3_ext1-v1-1462-613263e16580a19441b112a234e25be6/USER instance=prod/phys03

    GIT

    I put this page because it treats you like a child
    Command what it does
    git cms-addpkg SubSystemName/Package download that package from CMSSW
    git status Check the status of your repository
    git add name.py
    git commit -m "..."     		add to the files the one named name.py
    git commit -a -m "describe what you have done" write in the history that comment
    git merge merge your changes back to the master branch
    git push my-cmssw from-CMSSW_7_6_3:bbheppy save in gitHub your bbheppy's changes
    git push my-cmssw from-CMSSW_8_0_25:CovarianceTrack save in gitHub your covMatrix changes
    git pull ... load from gitHub the most up-to-date version
    git branch shows the branches
    git log  
    git push my-cmssw name_local_branch:name_you_want_on_github push the cone in a branch of cmssw
    git rm --cached -r NameSubSystem/Package/test/file_name rm NameSubSystem/Package/test/file_name from the branch (you still have to push it)
    git diff CMSSW_10_2_0 -- GeneratorInterface/GenFilters/src/VBFGenJetFilter.cc shows the defference of that file with that release
    git checkout CMSSW_10_2_0 -- GeneratorInterface/GenFilters/src/VBFGenJetFilter.cc  

    Add Package

    Add Package 

     
git cms-addpkg DataFormats/TrackReco
git cms-addpkg HeavyFlavorAnalysis/RecoDecay
git cms-addpkg TrackingTools/TransientTrack
git cms-addpkg DataFormats/TrackReco

    Not empty directory 

    mkdir old
mv * old
mv old ..
git cms-addpkg
mv ../old .
mv old/* .

    Create a Repository

    In GitHub create a new repository named "repositoryName", than tip in order: 
    git init
git status                                                                        (optional)
git add fileYouWant.cc
git commit -m "description of the file"
git remote add origin https://github.com/gmandorl/repositoryName.git
git push -u origin master
    Push an existing repository from the command line: 
    git remote add origin https://github.com/gmandorl/huu_main_A.git
git push -u origin master

    Download a single folder from git repository

    Andrea did the following commands 
    git fetch origin master:masteronline
git checkout masteronline -- prefire_maps  #this command should be executed in the right folder

    vi

    A useful italian page about vi is avaliable here

    Writing and erasing

    Command what it does
    i insert the text on the left
    a add the text on the right
    x erase on the right like "canc"
    dd erase the whole line
    exit return to the normal status

    Saving and quitting

    Command what it does
    :q! quit without saving
    :w save
    Ctrl^ZZ save and close

    Helpful links

    Links accross the page: How to: Check status: Where to find:
    pat::Jet Class Reference
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_5_3_14/doc/html/d6/d00/classpat_1_1Jet.html
    pat::PackedCandidate
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_7_0_8/doc/html/d8/d79/classpat_1_1PackedCandidate.html
    pat::PackedGenParticle
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_7_4_5/doc/html/d0/dc9/classpat_1_1PackedGenParticle.html
    reco::GenJet
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_7_6_1/doc/html/d0/df9/classreco_1_1GenJet.html
    reco::GenParticle
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_5_3_9/doc/html/d5/dd4/classreco_1_1GenParticle.html
    reco Namespace Reference
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_7_5_0/doc/html/d1/d57/namespacereco.html
    reco::VertexCompositePtrCandidate
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_7_5_0/doc/html/d3/dae/classreco_1_1VertexCompositePtrCandidate.html
    reco::Vertexs
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_4_4_2/doc/html/da/d95/classreco_1_1Vertex.html
    reco::TemplatedSecondaryVertex< SV >
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_7_4_12_patch3/doc/html/d7/de8/classreco_1_1TemplatedSecondaryVertex.html
    edm::HandleBase
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_7_0_8/doc/html/df/d10/classedm_1_1HandleBase.html#ae94310f3da55e47e77b664db985399ac
    edm::Ptr< T >
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_4_4_3/doc/html/dc/d1d/classedm_1_1Ptr.html
    fastjet::PseudoJet
    http://fastjet.fr/repo/doxygen-3.0.0/classfastjet_1_1PseudoJet.html
    XYZTLorentzVector
    https://root.cern.ch/root/html522/ROOT__Math__LorentzVector_ROOT__Math__PxPyPzE4D_double___.html
    reco::Track
    https://cmssdt.cern.ch/SDT/doxygen/CMSSW_8_1_0_pre13/doc/html/dd/d5b/classreco_1_1Track.html
    Example codes: Unfolding pages: Other twiki pages: Others:

    -- GiulioMandorli1 - 2015-11-17

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    Topic revision: r233 - 2020-04-10 - GiulioMandorli
     
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